346 



CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



In most other soils Riparia X Rupestris 3306 is to be recom- 

 mended, except those which are rather dry, where 3309 is to be 

 preferred, or those which are very wet, where Solonis X Riparia 

 1616 is surer to give good results. 



The Cutting Graft. Grafting the desired variety upon a resist- 

 ant cutting, putting these cutting-grafts through a callusing bed 

 and then planting the grafted cutting in nursery for rooting is 

 an accepted French method which is being successfully employed 

 in California. This has advantage in time gained and in securing 

 a full stand of vines as compared with grafting upon cuttings 

 already rooted in place in the vineyard though the latter has been 

 successfully practiced. 



If cutting-grafts are placed directly in the nursery many will 

 fail. For this reason it is always best, except at the extreme end 

 of the grafting season, to "stratify" the grafts in a "callusing" bed, 

 where conditions of moisture, temperature, and aeration can be 

 controlled. This callusing bed is usually a pile of clean sand 

 placed in the south end of a wall or building surrounded by a 

 board partition where there is no possibility of its becoming too 

 wet by the flow of water from a higher level or from an over- 

 hanging roof. It should be protected, if necessary, by a surround- 

 ing ditch. It should be furnished with a removable cover of canvas 

 or boards to protect it from rain and to enable the temperature 

 to be controlled by admission or exclusion of the sun's rays. A 

 water-proof wagon-cover, black on one side and white on the 

 other, is excellent for this purpose. 



The bottom of the callusing bed is first covered with 2 or 3 

 inches of sand. The bundles of grafts are then placed in a row 

 along one end of the bed, and sand well filled in around them. 

 The bundles should be placed in a slightly inclined position with 

 the scions uppermost, and the sand should be dry enough so that 

 it sifts in between the grafts in the bundle. The bundles of grafts 

 are then covered up completely with sand, leaving it at least 2 

 inches deep above the top of the scion. There should be but little 

 more moisture present for callusing than in the sand used for 

 keeping the cuttings over winter. Too much moisture will stim- 

 ulate the emission of roots and starting of buds without aiding 

 the dallus formation, which is a perfectly distinct process from the 

 formation of roots. 



An adjacent engraving shows the subsequent rooting of cutting- 

 grafts in the nursery. 



Grafting of Resistant Stocks after Rooting. Grafting on resist- 

 ant roots differs from working in old stumps in the size of the 

 wood to be operated on, and in the fact that the graft must be set 

 higher up because it is not desirable to have the scion strike roots 



