492 CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



one root, the faithful repression of all weeds, the maintenance of a 

 loose surface layer of the soil by very shallow cultivation, the free 

 application of manure and of water unless a continually moist con- 

 dition near the surface can be secured by cultivation and mulching, 

 all these are among the essentials of cultivation which will se- 

 cure abundant fruit and a long bearing season. However, as has 

 already been stated with regard to blackberries, there are large 

 plantations which pursue a less careful system of cultivation es- 

 pecially in the moderate heat and drouth of the coast district. 



Continuous bearing of the raspberry may be secured in those 

 varieties which endure the treatment, by cutting out a cane as soon 

 as its fruit is gathered, the force of the plant being then devoted to 

 the fruiting of a second cane, which has previously been pinched, 

 and a third shoot is pinched and allowed to mature its wood to 

 carry over and bear the first crop of the following year. A suc- 

 cession of sprouts is gained by pinching off the tips of some as 

 soon as they have grown up a few inches, which results in the 

 growth of later shoots lower on the stems. In this way a succes- 

 sion of fruit is obtained. 



The Cuthbert and other strong-growing varieties, after the 

 pinching at about three feet from the ground, will send out laterals 

 which will bear late in the fall, and the same cane will bear a crop 

 early in the following spring, when its career is ended and it should 

 be removed. 



Raspberries are planted about three feet apart in rows, and the 

 rows about six feet apart. They can be well grown nearer together 

 than is required for blackberries. 



Varieties of the Raspberry. The old varieties have been largely 

 replaced by the Cuthbert, which is the universally popular and most 

 largely-planted sort, having been found trustworthy as a grower 

 and as a free and constant bearer. The good points of the Cuth- 

 bert, as representing the experience of many California growers, 

 include the following: A profuse grower, with healthy and rich 

 foliage, which protects fruit from sunburn ; an excellent bearer 

 with the fruit well distributed through the bush ; the fruit comes 

 off easily, and does not crumble, is of fine flavor, and ships well. 

 The Herstine, Franconia, King and Marlboro varieties are grown 

 to a limited extent; and the Barter, a renamed variety, the identity 

 of which is unknown, has always retained a degree of popularity 

 in the foothill region of Placer County, where it first appeared. 



The Black Cap varieties thrive fairly in most parts of the State, 

 but do not sell well in the markets, and are only grown for home 

 use. The golden or yellow raspberries are also out of favor be- 

 cause they are shy bearers and cut no figure in the California 

 product. 





