GRAFTING WALNUTS 



517 



Trim the cleft in the stub with a sharp knife so it will be smooth. Then 

 cut the scion so as to fit perfectly and place it so the inner bark (tne cambium 

 layer) of both will be on the same line, or at least will cross twice, then remove 

 the wedge and put hot .wax over all the cuts on both stock and scion at once. 



The scions should be examined frequently and any excessive flow of sap 

 wiped off, and the stub re-covered with wax as soon as dry. Excessive flow 

 of sap for several weeks will cause the loss of the scions, as the callus can 

 not form in water. This may be controlled by boring one-fourth inch holes 

 in the body of the tree near the ground. Three or four holes four inches deep 

 will be sufficient to control the flow of the largest trees. No damage is done 

 to the body of the tree, as the holes soon grow over. 



Side graft made with a saw-cut. 

 Enlargement can be prevented by slitting the bark below it. 



The last two wax formulas on page 85 are largely used in wal- 

 nut grafting. For grafting in the stems of seedlings or in the 

 smaller branches of young trees a side graft as described on page 

 87 is successfully used as are also several styles of cleft grafting. 

 One which is used by Mr. R. Wiltz and others at San Jose consist 

 in splitting a short stub of a small branch which has been cut about 

 four inches from its attachment to a larger branch of stem. In this 

 case the split can only extend to the closely knit wood in the crotch 

 and the scion is pushed down strongly to the bottom of such a split 

 and it is held tightly. The two pieces of the deep split are not cut 

 away but are allowed to protect the short scion which is between 

 them and if buds start on these pieces they are allowed to grow a 

 little to keep the stock from dying back. When the scion starts 

 well they are removed. 



A method of side grafting (so called because the stock is not cut 

 across but a cleft made in the side of it) has been very successfully, 

 practiced by Mr. Weinshank, of Whittier, both with nursery seed s 

 lings and on branches of large trees. His work has shown eight's 



