552 CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



it lives in clusters on the tree. The worms can be killed by cutting 

 off and burning the twig holding the cluster or by burning the 

 colonies in place with a torch on the end of a pole, or by spraying 

 the foliage with lead arsenate or Paris green. The pest can be 

 reduced while pruning by carefully collecting and burning the egg 

 clusters, which encircle the twig. 



Red-Humped Caterpillar. Striped caterpillars, not hairy, but 

 having two rows of black spines along the back, also living in 

 clusters; of reddish color with yellow and white lines; a short dis- 

 tance back of the red head of the caterpillar is a red hump on which 

 are four black spines; black spines are also scattered over the body, 

 but smaller than those on the back. Spray with lead arsenate or 

 Paris green, or cut off and burn colonies. 



Caterpillar of Tussock Moth. A conspicuous caterpillar with 

 four short, brush-like tufts on its back, and two long, black plumes 

 at the front, and one at the rear of the body see engraving. This 

 leaf-eater is found on apple, pear, plum, and sometimes on other 

 fruit trees, also on the walnut and oak. The caterpillars are pecu- 



The tussock-moth larva, the so-called horned caterpillar. (Somewhat 



enlarged.) 



liarly resistant to arsenical sprays and can not be successfully con- 

 trolled by these. The larva spins a cocoon sometimes in the fold 

 of a leaf, more commonly in crotches or rough places on the bark, 

 or even on adjacent buildings or fences, and the female, after 

 emerging from the cocoon, deposits her eggs upon the outside of 

 it. The engravings show caterpillars and their peculiar markings. 

 The insect is fortunately very freely parasitized in the egg form and 

 prevented from wide injury. It can be controlled by destroying the 

 egg masses during pruning, as they are white and very conspic- 

 uous.* 



*See Bulletin 183, University of California, College of Agriculture. 



