556 



CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



bers to do much injury. Another larger species (Tcttigonia atro- 

 punctata) occurs in these localities and sometimes does considerable 

 injury in the early part of the season. The principal injury caused 

 by this insect is due to the extraction of the plant juices. These 

 are sucked out by means of a sharp beak or proboscis, which is in- 

 serted into the plant tissues. 



The most satisfactory method of control is in the use of a 

 hopper cage to be used in the early spring when the young shoots 

 of the vine are about four or five inches long. 



The vine hopper cage. 



The hopper cage, shown in an adjacent engraving, consists of a 

 framework of laths over which is tacked a double layer of mos- 

 quito wire netting or a single 20-mesh wire screen. The bottom 

 consists of a shallow pan or tray made by turning up about an inch 

 of the edges of a sheet of light galvanized iron. One entire side 

 of the cage is left open, and there is a V-shaped opening in the 

 tray at the bottom which allows the cage to be pushed over the 

 vine. The base of the V-shaped opening in the bottom is padded 

 with leather and the vine is bumped and the hoppers jarred off, 

 at the same time that the cage is being swung into position. The 

 sides of the cage and the tray at the bottom are smeared with crude 

 oil, and the hoppers as they are jarred off are caught in the oil. 



