VARIOUS BORERS 57 ]_ 



twenty hours to three days; after they are found to be dead, the soil should be 

 removed from around the trees so that any remaining fumes of bisulphide can 

 be dissipated. 



The method in most general use is known as the "worming process." This 

 consists essentially in carefully cutting out and killing the individual borers. 

 Special tools have been devised for this work. A full description of these 

 processes can be found in Bulletin 143, University of California, College of 

 Agriculture. 



Strawberry Root-Borer. The larva of another clear-winged 

 moth (Aegeria impropria), boring into the root of the strawberry 

 plants, found in various portions of the State, and doing considerable 

 damage, forcing the growers to resort to replanting much earlier 

 than otherwise would be necessary. Flooding the vines has a great 

 tendency to kill out the worms, and if the water was retained, say 

 four or five days during the winter, all over the plants, doubtless all 

 the larvae would be killed. 



Currant and Gooseberry Borer. A white worm eating out the 

 central pith of currant and gooseberry plants the larva of another 

 clear-winged moth (Aegeria tipuliformis). Spraying with whale- 

 oil soap after the crop is gathered, pruning out and burning in the 

 fall of all old wood which can be spared, will reduce the evil. 



The Raspberry Cane Borer. This intruder is one of the family 

 Tenthredinideae, or saw flies. The very small maggot or larva will 

 be found by peeling the bark carefully. This larva can not crawl, 

 therefore if the tips be cut and the worm is taken out he will die. 

 A better way is to cut all tips, as fast as they show signs of wilting, 

 and burn them. Thorough work in topping is absolutely necessary, 

 so as to be sure that none of the worms remain to produce flies. 

 Topping causes the canes to throw out laterals, thus producing more 

 fruit. The canes are not affected after July. 



INSECTS DEVOURING THE PULP OF FRUITS 



The Apple Worm. The codlin moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) is 

 one of the great pests of the State. It preys chiefly upon the apple 

 and pear, but the quince and other large fruits are sometimes in- 

 vaded by it. The first moths appear at some time after the blossom- 

 ing of the apple, and deposit their eggs on the young fruit, or on 

 adjacent leaves. The young worm hatches in from seven to ten 

 days, generally seeks the eye or calyx, and eats its way into the 

 fruit, and in twenty days its full growth is attained, and it goes out 

 through the side of the apple, and, by means of its spinnaret, reaches 

 the ground or some large branch. If landed on the ground, it 

 usually seeks the trunk, which it ascends and soon finds a hiding- 

 place under the loose bark, where it spins its cocoon, and in eight 

 or ten days comes forth a moth, ready to lay eggs anew. The egg 



