SPRAYING FOR THE APPLE WORM 573 



Arsenic is, however, poisonous to plants and must be applied with caution. 

 The arsenic compound used must be entirely insoluble in water, and not subject 

 to weathering, in order that it shall be perfectly safe. The wet fogs of the 

 Pajaro valley summers give arsenical spray compounds a very severe test and 

 it has been found that only the best quality of arsenate of lead is able to stand 

 it. Arsenate of lead may do very severe burning, however, if it is not of the 

 proper quality. 



It is a well known fact that a large percentage of the worms of the first 

 generation enter at the blossom ends of the apples. This part is protected or 

 more or less closed over by the leaves of the calyx. 



The calyx cups close very shortly after the petals fall, and so it is advised 

 by the best authorities to spray as soon after the falling of the blossoms as 

 possible in order to leave a deposit of poison there. In the Pajaro valley and 

 adjoining sections weather conditions often prevent spraying at this time, but 

 where possible to apply, the calyx cup spraying is advised. 



Good results have been obtained by spraying in the early part of May, 

 which is considerably after the calyx cups have closed. Spraying at this time 

 gives much the same effect as the calyx cup application, especially where it is 

 applied with proper thoroughness. This early spraying is applied before any 

 worms have appeared and is intended merely to have the poison in readiness for 

 the insects when they do come. 



The first codling moth spraying should contain Bordeaux Mixture as a pre- 

 caution against the scab : 



Bordeaux Mixture Copper sulphate 3 pounds, lime 4 pounds, water 50 

 gallons. 



Arsenate of Lead Use 2.y 2 to 3 pounds of arsenate of lead to each 50 gallons 

 of Bordeaux. 



The Bordeaux Mixture should be prepared first, and enough space left in 

 the tank to allow for the addition of the arsenate of lead and the water required 

 to mix it. 



The second spraying should be applied from the last of May to the first 

 ten days in June, and is intended to augment the effect of the first spraying 

 by further covering the rapidly expanding fruit. 



For this spraying use 2 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of water. 

 No Bordeaux should be used with this spraying, for the previous sprayings 

 containing Bordeaux will have controlled the scab, and the further use of the 

 fungicide is likely to russet the apples. 



Very few eggs are laid during July, so if the second spraying has been 

 applied about the first of June it should suffice to control the first generation 

 attack. The second generation worms begin to appear about the first of August, 

 so a spraying is due at this time. 



For the third spraying, use 2 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of 

 water. 



If the apples are to remain on the trees through September they should 

 receive another spraying about the first of this month. 



For the fourth spraying, if the other three have been applied according to 

 directions, use i l /2 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of water. 



The schedule of sprayings above laid out should control the codling moth 

 under average conditions, and even where the insect is extremely abundant 

 should yield 95 per cent clean fruit. 



The codling moth is much affected by weather conditions, and if there is a 

 large amount of cold fog during the summer the damage will be much reduced. 



The Peach Worm. As already stated, the larva of the peach 

 moth, which early in the spring bores into the twigs, is sometimes 

 found later in the season in the flesh of the peach. Hence the im- 

 portance of saving the fruit by proper treatment of the hibernating 

 worms which emerge as the blossom buds are opening. 



