Campanea 



( 164 



Campanula 



flowers with a yellow disc. It is propagated , 

 by division in spring, or by seeds sown at the I 

 same season. The plants should be planted 

 from 8" to 12" apart in rich, light, sandy soil. 

 The flowers are gathered as soon as they open and 

 only when the weather is dry. They are after- 

 wards placed to dry in a shady, airy place under 

 cover from rain. The flowers thus prepared are 

 used on account of their tonic and febrifugal 

 properties. 



CAMPANEA. 



A very small genus of shrubby stove plants (ord. 

 <Jesneracea3), with shaggy stems and leaves, and 

 clusters of flowers from the axils o the leaves. 

 Flowers large, rose or white, spotted internally. 

 Propagation" by seeds, and offsets from the tuberous 

 rhizomes. Soil, fibrous, mellow loam, and leaf 

 mould, with a little well decayed cow dung, rubbed 

 fine, and plenty of sand. 



Principal Species : 



grandiflora, 9", wh., crim. 



CAMPANULA. (BELLFLOWER.) 



Description. Indispensable garden flowers (ord. 

 Campanulacese), of much variety of form, a number 

 being of tall and imposing habit, and suited for 

 border decoration or for growing in pots for orna- 

 ment; while others are of the dwarfest stature 

 and worthy of being grown in the choicest collec- 

 tion of Alpine flowers. Many are of tall, pyramidal 

 habit, and others form little carpets covered with 

 flowers in summer. All are perennial, except those 

 otherwise marked. 



Propagation. Most of the perennial species are 

 propagated by division, and also by seeds sown in 

 spring under glass, or in the open in May. The 

 seeds ought to be sown in pans or pots, and in a 

 compost of loam, leaf soil, and sand. Cover, ac- 

 cording to the size of the seeds, with finely sifted 

 sandy soil, and place in a cold frame or greenhouse. 

 Give air when the young plants appear, and shade 

 from strong sun. The biennials should be sown in 

 spring or in early summer, and liberally treated to 

 secure strong plants for the following year. The 

 annuals may receive the same treatment as half- 

 hardy annuals. Alpine species are generally prop- 

 agated by division, or by cuttings in pots placed 

 under a frame and carefully watered, and kept a 

 little close until they are rooted. Pyramidalis is 

 so useful in pots that a few notes on its culture 

 are advisable. It should be sown early in March, 

 so as to have strong plants the following July. 

 Sow in a temperature of about 60, and prick off 

 the seedlings into 3" pots, giving them gradual 

 shifts, and wintering them in 6" pots until March, 

 when they may be put into 8". It is also increased 

 from suckers, taken off with a heel, and placed in 

 pots of sandy soil in a cold frame. 



Soil. The greater number of the Campanulas of 

 strong growtli or of medium height like a good, 

 loamy soil, well enriched with manure, but the 

 Alpine species are improved and are longer-lived if 

 in a somewhat gritty soil. 



Other Cultural Points. Most of the border Cam- 

 panulas last much longer in bloom in a half-shady 

 position than in one in the full sun. The taller 

 species ought to be properly staked to prevent 

 injury from high winds. The favourite basket 

 plants, fragilis, isophylla, and isophylla alba, are 

 barely hardy enough for many gardens ; these are 

 best propagated by cuttings in spring. 



Principal Species and Varieties (ace also 

 PLATYCODON and WAHLEXBEUGIA): 



casspitosa, 6", Jy., etc., bl. A charming little 

 Harebell, of value for edgings or rockwork. There 

 is a pretty wh. form, and also one with pale bl. 

 flowers named pallida (syn. purmla). 



carpatica, !>", Je., etc., bl. A valuable plant for 

 the border or the rock garden, and one of the 

 easiest to grow. It forms a neat plant with open, 

 erect flowers. Good vars. are Kiverslea, bl., pelvi- 

 formis, pale bl., alba, wh . pallida, pale bl., and 

 turbinata ; the last is dwarfer than the type. 



fragilis, (i", Jy., pur., wh. A capital basket 

 plant, of great beauty in the window or conser- 

 vatory (si/n. Barrelled). 



garganica, (i", Je., etc., bl. A lovely little Alpine 

 or pot plant. The var. hirsuta is even more 

 attractive. 



PROPAGATING WINDOW BELLFLOWERS 

 (CAMPANULAS). 



A Cutting of equal-leaved Helltlowcr, Campanula isophylla, 

 prepared for insertion (two-thirds of the natural size): 

 a cut straight across just below a joint ; 6 joints from 

 . which leaves are removed ; c depth of inserting in soil. 



B Slip a young shoot slipped off the parent rootstock by 

 downward pressure with the finger end, thus differing 

 from a euttiug : d heel, pared smooth with a sharp 

 kuif'e ; e portion of short-jointed, firm wood, with leaves 

 removed f younger portion of shoot corresponding to a 

 cutting, also with leaves removed ; g deptli of inserting 

 iu soil. 



C Section of cutting pot (large 3" or 60' s); h drainage ; / a 

 little rough material or thin layer of moss-; j soil, light 

 fibrous loam and one-sixth of sharp sand ; k space for 

 holding water ; / cuttings, about six being placed around 

 the side of the pot. 



D A well-rooted cutting potted singly into 3" pot : m drain- 

 age ; n soil, rich sandy loam with a little leaf mould or 

 well-rotted manure added, and a few pieces of sandstone 

 or charcoal to keep it open ; o space for holding water. 



E Rooted cuttings potted with ball entire into 48 pot, 

 4J" diameter, 5" in depth: p good drainage; q a. little 

 of rougher j>arts of compost ; r soil ; s space for holding 

 water ; t ball of soil from cutting pot. 



glomerata, 1J', Je., etc., bl. A nice plant with 

 clustered heads of rather tubular flowers. There 

 are several good forms, among the prettiest being 

 alba, wh., pallida, pale bl., and dahurica or speciosa 

 bl. ; there is also a double var. 



isophylla, 1', Aug., bl. A charming plant for 

 hanging baskets, or for warm situations on a 

 sheltered rockery or old wall. The var. alba is 

 very beautiful. 



latifolia, 2', Jy., bl. A handsome native plant 

 with tall stems which bear large, handsome 

 flowers. The form alba is pleasing. The Cau- 

 casian form, eriocarpa, has a hairy tube. The 

 finest of the forms is macrantha, which has large, 

 rar. bl. flowers. Its var. alba is a handsome plant. 



