Carallia 



( 172) 



Carduus 



Other Species : 



augustifolia, U', Jy., sc., sanguiuea, 1', Nov., yel. 



yel. Van Volxemii, 25', Aug., 



osyana, 1J', Sep., red, yel. sc., yel. 



CARALLIA. 



One of the genera of Mangroves (prd. Rhizo- 

 phorese), and, like other plants that luxuriate in 

 tropical brackish waters, not easily cultivated in 

 this country. They require a high temperature, 

 abundant moisture, and propagation by seeds or 

 cuttings. 



Principal Species : 



integerrima, 20', Jy., yel. (syn. lucida). 



CARALLUMA. 



These East Indian shrubs (ord. Asclepiadeaa) 

 need to be cultivated in this country in a stove, in 

 a light, calcareous compost, such as will suit many 

 Cacti. Half the compost may consist of mortar 

 rubbish. Water must be sparingly given, except 

 when growth is free. Cuttings should be dried 

 somewhat before insertion, or they will damp. 



Principal Species : 



adscendeiis, 2', Jy., pk. rhnbriata, 6 , Aug., yel. 



crenulata, 6", Sep., grn., unibellata, !', Aug., pur. 



vel., pur. (correctly (correctly Boucerosia 



Boucerosia crenulata) . umbellata). 



CARAPA. 



Stove trees (ord. Meliaceas") that are seldom culti- 

 vated, except in botanical collections. The various 

 species have some medicinal value. All require 

 Hove treatment, and a compost of loam and leaf 

 soil. Propagation by cuttings of ripened growths, 

 in bottom heat. 



Principal Species : 

 guianensis, 20', aut., yel. moluccensis, 20', aut., yel. 



CARAWAY. 



Under the name of Caraway, the seeds of Carum 

 Carvi, a hardy European Umbellifer, have long been 

 popular among confectioners, cooks, and distillers. 

 In some parts of Essex and Kent the Caraway was 

 formerly grown extensively, but other crops have 

 superseded it during late years. 



CARDAMINE (DENTARIA). 



(LADY'S SMOCK.) 



Attractive, though not showy, plants (ord. Crucif- 

 enc) for the border or rock garden. Those here 

 mentioned are hardy perennials. The Dentarias 

 are now included with the plants generally grown 

 as Cardamine. Propagation is by division after 

 flowering, or by seeds sown in spring or early 

 summer. Soil of a damp and rather heavy char- 

 acter is best ; they prefer some shade also. 



Principal Species : 



diphylla, 1|', My., wh. A pretty plant for a 

 damp and shady spot in heavy or peaty soil (si/n. 

 Dentaria diphylla). 



pratensis, 1J', My., wh. or pale pur. The double 

 form in both colours, known as flore pleno, is very 

 pretty. The type is the common Lady's Smock. 



Other Species : 



asarifolia, 1', My., wh. laciniata, 1', Ap., ro. 



bellidifolia, IV, Mch., wh. latifolin, H', Je., pur. 

 bulhifera, Ij , Ap., pur. maxima, H', My., pur. 



chelidonia, I', A])., pur. pentaphylla, 1', My., pk. 



enneaphylla, 1', My., pale pinnata, l',My., wh. 



vel. trifolia, 9", My., wh. 



KJlliasii, hybrid, 1', My., 



pur. 



CARDOON. 



The Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus, ord. Com- 

 posite), which resembles a Globe Artichoke in 

 appearance, does not meet with the favour in this 

 country with which it is regarded on t he Continent, 

 where the stalks and midribs of the inner leaves 

 are greatly esteemed in soups, salads, or when 

 stewed like Celery. In a deep, sandy soil it is a 

 profitable plant, and forms a noble-looking object 

 when in flower. In such a soil, if inclined to dry- 

 ness, trench culture produces the best results, but 

 on heavy, wet land Cardoons should always be 

 grown on the level. Towards the end of April sow 

 the seeds on a warm border in drills, and thin to 

 4" apart as soon as the seedlings are large enough 

 to handle. Keep well supplied with water if the 

 weather should prove very dry, and finally trans- 

 plant each carefully with a trowel, allowing a 

 space of iy between the plants and 4' between 

 the rows. Well water them in after planting, and 

 afford plenty of moisture at all times during 

 drought, as Cardoons are thirsty subjects. If 

 growth has been free, the middle of August should 

 find the plants ready for blanching, which is 

 generally effected by drawing all the leaves of the 

 plants together tightly and binding them round 

 with haybands, soil which is first well pulverised 

 being heaped up around them until the plant is 

 covered, and all possibility of air effecting an 

 entrance at the top prevented. This earthing up 

 process is repeated until growth ceases, and in 

 about eight or nine weeks from the commencement 

 of blanching operations the produce should be fit 

 for consumption. Well manured and well worked 

 land, with copious waterings in dry weather, are 

 the chief essentials to successful Cardoon culture. 



CARDOPATIUM. 



A half-hardy perennial (ord. Composite), closely 

 allied to the Thistles and Echinops. On a warm, 

 well-drained, and sheltered spot it will survive the 

 winter if protected from frost. Seedlings may be 

 raised in a frame or greenhouse. 



Principal Species: 



corymbosum, IV, Aug., bl. 



CARDUNCELLUS. 



Pleasing little hardy herbaceous plants (ord. 

 Composita;), of some value for rockeries, though 

 hardly showy enough for the border. They pro- 

 duce small blue flowers resembling tkose of a 

 Cornflower, and only grow a few inches high. 

 The principal species are mitissimus, 9", June, blue ; 

 monspeliensium, 9", July, blue ; and pinnatus, 5", 

 July, blue. They are propagated by seeds or 

 division in spring, and like a light, rather dry, soil: 



CARDUUS. (THISTLE.) 



The Carduuses (ord. Composite) are well-known 

 hardy annual, biennial, or perennial plants. They 

 are hardly suitable for the garden, on account of 

 their generally rather coarse habit, and the way in 

 which they scatter their seeds. They are very 

 effective as specimens, however, and may be intro- 

 duced into wild gardens if they can be kept from 

 increasing too rapidly. Among the best are 

 acanthoides and pycnocephalus. Other plants 

 often grown in gardens as Carduus will be found 

 under Cnicus and other names. 



Carambola tree (see Arerrltoa). 

 Cardiot'ltltena (xcc SogffRfai)* 



Cardinal fiim-er (see Lolelia cardinalix). 



