Caryota 



( 178 ) 



Cassiope 



2' to 3' high, is also pretty. They grow in com- 

 mon soil, but should have a warm situation. 

 Propagated by seeds, division, and cuttings. 



CARYOTA. 



In their native habitats the Caryotas (ord. 

 Palmse) have economic virtues, providing a nutri- 

 tious Sago (C. urens) for the natives, as well as a 

 plentiful supply of Palm wine. Under natural 

 conditions, they frequently grow to a height of 80'. 

 All the species have greenish white flowers. In 

 this country they should be grown in rich loam in 

 the stove, where they will prove very attractive 

 and ornamental. Propagation is readily effected 

 by seeds. 



Principal Species : 



elegaiis, 10'. mitis, 25' (./. furfuracea). 



majestica, 12'. urens, 60'. 



Other Species : 



Cumingii, 30'. obtusa, 20'. speciosa, 20'. 



maxima, 30'. rumphiana, 20'. 



CASCADE. 



Where running water passes through a garden 

 an attractive feature may be made by arranging a 

 cascade or waterfall. It may consist of flights of 

 steps, as in the case of the great cascade at Chats- 

 worth, or of rough stones placed in as natural a 

 manner as possible in the bed of the stream. Any- 

 thing stiff and artificial should be avoided. 



CASEARIA. 



This genus (ord. Samydacese) is composed of 

 evergreen shrubs that succeed in the stove. 

 Cuttings will root in very sandy soil under a bell- 

 glass over bottom heat, and the plants flourish in 

 fibrous loam and sand. 



Principal Species : 



hirsuta, 8', Ap., yel., grn. serrulata, 5', Ap., wh., 



parviflora (tee sylvestris). grn. 



parvifolia(wcsylvestris). sylvestns, 8, Ap., gm., 



ramiflora, 4', Ap., yel., wh.(s</s. parviflora and 



g rn . parvifolia). 



CASIMIROA. 



A Mexican evergreen tree (ord. Rutacete) which 

 produces Apple-shaped edible fruit. It should be 

 grown in fibrous peat and loam in the stove, and 

 may be propagated by cuttings inserted in very 

 sandy soil under a bell-glass in bottom heat. 



Principal Species : 



edulis, 10', Jy., grn. ; Mexican Apple. 



CASSANDRA. 



A pretty shrub (ord. Ericaceae), formerly in- 

 cluded with Andromeda, The principal form is 

 calyculata, which has rather oblong leaves and 

 wax-like, pure white flowers, and grows about 3' 

 high at the most. Angustifolia is now considered to 

 be merely a form of this. It is rather dwarfer, and 

 has narrower leaves. Both flower about April. 

 (Syns. Andromeda angustifolia and calyculata, 

 angustifolia being also called C. crispa.) Peaty 

 soil, moist, and partially shaded. 



CASSEBEERA. 



This genus (ord. Filices) is composed of rather 

 Tare stove, greenhouse, and hardy Ferns, which 

 may be increased by division, and should be grown 

 in peat and loam. 



Cassava (see Janissa Manlliot). 



Principal Species : 

 triphylla, l>". 

 CASSIA. 



Description. A large genus (ord. Leguminosa?). 

 Some species are attractive when in flower, their 

 golden blossoms, arid ample, cut foliage, rendering 

 them useful for warm conservatory decoration, 

 corymbosa being especially good. The value of 

 the genus lies more in its medicinal and economic 

 properties than its usefulness to horticulturists. 

 The Senna is produced from several species. Most 

 members are trees or shrubs, but others are herba- 

 ceous and annual. 



Propagation is readily effected either by cuttings 

 in April or from seeds sown in March. 



Soil. A well drained compost of loam, leaf soil, 

 and sand suits almost all Cassias. 



Other Cultural Points. A stove or intermediate 

 house will meet their requirements so far as heat 

 is concerned, while moisture must be given 

 abundantly when growth is active, but sparingly 

 at other times. 



Principal Species : 

 alata, 12', Jy., st. ev., corymbosa, 3', Jy., iuter- 



yel. mediate or grh. ev., 



biflora, 6', Aug., inter- yel. 



mediate ev., yel. (sy. siamea, 6', Jy., st. aim., 



fulgeus). yel. (syn. florida). 



Other Species : 



angustifolia, 1', Jy., yel. montana, 2', My., yel. 



artemisioides, 2', Je., yel. nictitans, 2', Jy., yel. 



auriculata, 4', Aug., yel. occidentalis, 3', Je., yd. 



glandulosa, 5', Sep., yel. pubescens, 2', Je., yel. 



marylandica, 3', Sep., yel. Sophora, 4', Jy., yel. 



mexicana, 5', Je., yel. spectabilis, 4', Je., yel. 



mimosoides, 2', Jy., yel. tomeutosa, 15', Jy., yel. 



Though over a hundred species are known, only 

 about forty are in cultivation. 



CASSINE. 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs (ord. CelastrineEe) 

 that thrive in a mixture of loam and peat ; they 

 may be propagated by cuttings in sandy soil 

 under a bell-glass. 



Principal Species : 



Maurocenia, 5', Aug., wh. ; Hottentot Cherry. 



Other Species : 

 aethiopica, 5', Jy., wh. capeusis, 6', Jy., wh. 



CASSINIA. 



This genus (ord. Composite) comprises one hardy 

 annual, which may be raised from seeds 'sown in 

 March or April ; greenhouse herbaceous perennials, 

 increased by division ; and greenhouse evergreen 

 shrubs, propagated by cuttings in the early spring 

 A compost of loam and peat is suitable. 



Principal Species : 

 aculeata, 2', My., grh. lopappus chrysophyllus 



ev. shr., yel. of gardens), 



aurea, 1', Jy-, grh. herba- leptophylla, 2 , Aug., grh. 



ceous per., yel. ev. shr., wh. 



denticulate, U', Je., grh. longifoha, 2, My., grn. 



ev. shr., pale yel. ev. shr., yel. 



fulvida, 4', Aug., lidy. speetabihs, 6 , Jy., hdy. 



ev. shr., wh. (syn. Dip- ami., yel. 



CASSIOPE. 



Beautiful little Heath-like shrubs (ord. Erieacese), 

 often included with Andromeda. Although hardy, 

 they are not easily grown, and need a sandy, peat; 

 soil not too dry, partial shade, and shelter from 



