Castanea 



Catananche 



cold winds. Some grow them under shaded hand- 

 lights, with plenty of air. They are propagated by 

 layers. The following are charming plants: fasti- 

 giata, !)", May, white (syns. Andromeda fastigiata 

 and cupressiformis) ; hypnoides, 9", June, white, 

 red ; creeping plant (syn. Andromeda hypnoides) ; 

 ami tetragona, !)" to 12", March, white (syn. An- 

 dromeda tetragona). 



CASTANEA. (CHESTNUT.) 



The Horse Chestnuts (ord. Cupuliferre) are hardy 

 deciduous trees, valuable for their timber, for the 

 formation of avenues, and for solitary specimens in 

 suitable positions. The Spanish or Sweet Chest- 

 nuts are very ornamental trees, and give in some 

 districts an abundant supply of Nuts as well as an 

 excellent timber. The Sweet Chestnut, Castanea 

 sativa, makes a tree 50' to 60' in height, and there 

 are several varieties, which are usually increased 

 by grafting. The flowers of all are green or 

 greenish white, and the leaves are very handsome. 

 (flee also CHESTNUT.) 



A Selection : 



chrysophylla (SIJH. Costa- sativa (and its several 



nopsis chrysophylla). cut-leaved aud varie- 



pumila. gated forms). 



CASTANOPSIS. 



About twenty-five species of trees and shrubs are 

 included in this genus (ord. Cupulifera), which is 

 closely allied to Castanea. Only two species have, 

 so far, been introduced to this country. Propaga- 

 tion is by cuttings in a close pit for the stove 

 species, in a cold frame for chrysophylla. Any 

 ordinary garden soil will do. 



Principal Species : 



ohrysophylla, a dwarf ev. shr , with grn. and 

 golden foliage, and long, dense catkins. It needs 

 a sheltered position (syn. sempervirens). 



CASTANOSPERMUM. (MOBETON 

 HAY CHESTNUT.) 



A genus (nnl. Leguminosne) of greenhouse ever- 

 green trees, increased by cuttings of the matured 

 shoots in sandy soil under a handlight. A compost 

 of loam two-thirds, and peat one-third, with sand, 

 is suitable. 



Only Species : 



australe, 40* to 50', saffron. 



CASTELA. 



There are only six species in this genus (ord. 

 ffimarubese), which is thus small as well as un- 

 hnpoitant horticulturally. Only two of the six 

 have been introduced. One of them, Nicholsoni, 

 the Goatbust, has pronounced bitter properties. 

 The Castelas are spiny shrubs, needing the tem- 

 perature of a stove or intermediate house. They 

 may be propagated by cuttings of the semi-mature 



"1 ts. Soil, two-thirds loam and one-third leaf 



soil, with sand. 



CASTILLEJA. 



Herbaceous, sometimes sub-shrubby, plants (ord. 

 Serophnlarinese), with large and showy bracts. 

 Handsome, but rare in cultivation. Partially para- 

 sitic in habit. They are increased by seeds sown 

 in a cold frame, and like equal parts of peat and 

 loam, with sand. 



Castalia (see Nympluea). 



ininiata, 1' to 2', sum., 



hdy., yel. ; bracts ver., 



sc. 

 pallida, 6" to 12", Je., 



hcly. herbaceous per. ; 



bracts wh. or yel. 



Principal Species : 

 coccinea, 1', Jy., hdy. 



herbaceous per., yel. ; 



bracts sc. 

 indivisa, 6" to 12", sura., 



hlf-hdy. per. (but best 



treated as an aun.),gru., 



yel. ; bracts car. 



Other Species : 



lithospermoides, 1', Aug., hlf-hdy., sc. 



CASTILLOA. 



A small and horticulturally unimportant genus 

 (ord. Urticacese), of two or three species. Elastica 

 has a milky juice from which a sort of rubber is 

 obtained. 



CASTOR OIL PLANT (see BICINUS). 



CASUARINA. 



Curious greenhouse trees (ord. Casuarinese), with 

 long, drooping, leafless branches. When small, 

 they make elegant table plants, but they are very 

 rarely met with. Increased by cuttings of the 

 half-ripened shoots under a bell-glass, in sandy soil 

 in spring; also by seeds, when these can be 

 obtained. They like a compost of loam and peat, 

 with a small quantity of finely-broken crocks or 

 rough sand. 



Principal Species : 



distyla, 15'. quadrivalvis (swstricta). 



equisetifolia, 15'. stricta, 18' (*yn. quadri- 



valvis). 



CATALPA. 



Description. Trees (ord. Bignoniacese) with 

 showy flowers and handsome leaves. Bignonioides 

 is the best known and most handsome member of the 

 genus. It is a favourite tree for planting upon the 

 lawn, where its umbrageous and symmetrical head 

 and bright flowers render it a conspicuous object. 



Propagation. By seeds sown in spring, in a cold 

 frame for the hardy forms, in heat for the stove 

 species ; also by layers put down in spring, and by 

 cuttings of tips of the ripened shoots in autumn. 

 Cuttings of longissima and microphylla require 

 brisk bottom heat to root freely. 



Soil. Any good garden soil will suit the hardy 

 species; equal parts of peat and loam, with sand, 

 the stove species. 



Principal Species : 

 bignonioides, 20' to 40', cordifolia, 20' to 40', Je., 



Jy., hdy., wh., spotted hdy., wh. 



pur., yel. (..y.syrmgi<i>- Ksempferi, Jy., hdy., 



folia) (tee p. 180). yel., spotted red, br. ; 



There is a var. with flowers small, fragrant. 



yel. foliage. speciosa (see cordifolia.) 



Other Species : 

 Bungei, 8' to 10', sum., microphylla, 10' to 20', 



grn., yel. st., wh. ; flowers usually 



longissima, 30' to 40', st., in threes. 



wh. 



CATANANCHE. (CUPIDONE.) 

 Pretty perennials or annuals (ord. Compositae), 

 formerly used by Grecian women in making love 

 potions. They grow in any soil, and can be dried 

 mi winter decoration. The species are propagated 

 by seeds sown in .spring'. Cserulea, blue, and its 

 blue .and white variety, bicolor, are the best. They 

 grow 2J' high, producing their pretty flowers on 

 long stems. They flower in July and August. 

 The annual, lutea, is little grown. It is about 1' 

 high, flowers in June, and has yellow blooms. 



