Caterpillars 



( 181 



Cathcartia 



pileatum, wh. ; sometimes tigrinum, wh., barred 



regarded as a *i(ti. of cinnamon ; close to 



Bungerothii. barbatum. 



Kauilii, yel. trideutatum (fee macro- 



russellianum, 3',Jy.,grn. carpum). 



sai^uiiieum, 6" to 7", trifidum, Je., gru., dotted 



Oct., Nov., grn., spotted pur. 



dull red. Trulla, Sep., grn., br. 



integrale. maculatissimum, heav- 

 S< ui'ra,pale yel. or creamy ily spotted br. 



wli. ; fragrant. subimberbe, lip almost 



tahiilare, pale gm. beardless. 



serrulata, grn., yel. viridi-flavum, sum., grn., 

 \vh., bluish wh. yel., segments concave. 



CATERPILLARS. 



The larva: of moths and butterflies, the cater- 

 pillar state being the first after emerging from the 

 egg. There are many kinds, having different food 

 plants, and amongst them are some of the most 

 destructive pests in the vegetable and fruit garden. 

 A thorough knowledge of their life histories and 

 habits is of great service to the gardener. The 

 destruction of butterflies, moths, chrysalids, and 

 eggs is one means of prevention, but it is also 

 necessary to adopt measures when the caterpillars 

 an- feeding. A brief description of some of the 

 most injurious caterpillars is given below. 



Brindled Beauty Moth Caterpillar. Plum and 

 1'eai- trees suffer from the ravages of this pest, 

 which is the larva of a greyish brown moth (Biston 

 hirtaria) that is on the wing in the spring. The 

 rgg^ are laid in ring's round the shoots, like those 

 of the Lackey Moth, and the caterpillars, which are 

 brown, with yellow dots, feed on the leaves in 

 June and July. (For remedies, see PLUM ENEMIES.) 



Cabbage Caterpillar. Tlii> is the larva of the 

 Cabbage Moth (1'icrix llmssicfc), and plays 

 havoc with various members of the Cabbage family. 

 The whitish brown moth makes its appearance 

 during May and June, and deposits eggs on the 

 leaves of the food plant. During the summer and 

 autumn the green caterpillars give evidence of their 

 voracious appetite by feeding on the hearts and 

 leaves of Cabbages and kindred plants. (For 

 remedies, see CABBAGE ENEMIES.) 



Codlin Moth Caterpillar. The Apple is the 

 chosen food of this caterpillar, and large quanti- 

 ties of fruit are spoiled by it. The moth (Car- 

 pocapsa pomonella). an insignificant looking 

 creature, deposits eggs as soon as the Apples are 

 set, in the calyx end of the fruits, fastening them 

 with a gummy secretion. The caterpillars pierce 

 the fruits, eat the cores, and cause the Apples to 

 fall prematurely. (For remedies, see APPLE 

 ENEMIKS.) 



Goat Moth Caterpillar. The Goat Moth (Cossus 

 ligniperda) is one of our largest native moths, and 

 its larva bores into the stems and feeds on the 

 heart-wood of various trees. Willows and Poplars 

 are the favourite food plants, but the pests are 

 omnivorous, and feed on forest trees, Apple and 

 other large fruit trees. The moth deposits eggs in 

 the crevices of the bark in the summer, and the 

 caterpillars make tunnels into the heart-wood, 

 where they often remain in a larval state for two 

 or three years. Their presence is detected by the 

 excreta and sap exuded at the mouth of the tunnel, 

 on the appearance of which, a piece of wire should 

 be pawed in to crush them. Perfect insects should 



1'nti'li fly (see Silene). 

 (sir Ariicia). 



also be destroyed, and the dressing of trees for 

 other pests acts as a preventive of egg-laying. 



Gooseberry Caterpillar. This is the larva of the 

 Magpie Moth (Abraxas grossulariata), and its 

 special office is to devour the leaves of Gooseberry 

 bushes. The prettily spotted moths appear in 

 June, and the eggs are deposited on the leaves of 

 the food plant. The caterpillars soon appear, and 

 feed with results that are disastrous if destructive 

 measures are not adopted. (For remedies, see 

 GOOSEBERRY ENEMIES.) 



Lackey Moth Caterpillar. Apple trees fre- 

 quently suffer through the attacks of the cater- 

 pillars of the Lackey Moth (Bombyx neustria). 

 The moths are on the wing in July and August, 

 and deposit eggs in rings of pitchy matter round 

 the young shoots. In the spring the caterpillars 

 emerge and feed on the young leaves, being pro- 

 tected by a web spun round the foliage of the food 

 plant. When nearly full-fed the colonies break 

 up, and the individuals seek hiding-places wherein 

 to pass the final stage. (For remedies, see APPLK 

 EM:. MIES.) 



Raspberry Bud Caterpillar. The buds and 

 leaves of Kaspberries form the chief food of this 

 caterpillar, which is the larva of the minute moth 

 Lampronia rubiella. The moth is on the wing in 

 June, and eggs are deposited on the tips of the 

 young shoots, on which the red caterpillars feed 

 when hatched out. (For remedies, tee RASPBERRY 

 ENEMIES.) 



Small Ermine Moth Caterpillar. The larva of 

 this moth (Hyponomeuta padella) feeds on the 

 young shoots of Apple trees, and plays havoc 

 among the tender Thorn leaves in hedgerows. The 

 processes of egg-laying and feeding are similar to 

 those of the Lackey Moth, and the methods of 

 eradication are the same. 



Winter Moth Caterpillar. Apples, Pears. Plums. 

 Walnuts, and Hawthorns, as well as Oaks and 

 other forest trees, provide food for this destructive 

 caterpillar. The male moth (Cheimatobia bru- 

 mata) is on the wing in November; and the 

 female, which is incapable of flight, ascends the 

 stems of trees and deposits eggs on the branches. 

 The greenish yellow larvas emerge in great numbers 

 in the spring and feed till the end of May. when 

 they lower themselves by a thread and become 

 pup;e beneath the soil. (For remedies, see APPLE 

 ENEMIES.) 



Other caterpillars are referred to under the crops 

 which they attack. 



CATESB^EA. (LILY THORN.) 

 Stove evergreen shrubs (ord. Rubiaceae), with 

 showy, funnel-shaped flowers having long tubes. 

 Cuttings taken in spring root freely if placed in 

 sandy soil in brisk heat. Soil, light turfy loam and 

 fibrous peat, with sand. Catesbfeas are very dirty 

 plants, bug, thrips, and red spider all being fond 

 of them. 



Principal Species : 

 latifolia, 1' to ">', Je. 

 parviflora, 4' to o', Je. 



spiuosa, 10' to 14', My., 

 yel. 



CATHCARTIA. 



Pleasing hardy herbaceous perennials (ord. Papa- 

 veracese), the principal species being villosa, which 

 grows about 1' high, and has yellow flowers in 

 June, and Vine-like leaves. It likes a moist, peaty 

 soil, and half-shade. It is propagated by seeds or 



