Clove 



( 224) 



Coal Ashes 



A Selection of Garden Varieties : 

 Distinction, or. sc., wh. Martha Reimers. 



Excelsior, or. red. Mdme. Van Houtte, or. 



Lady Wolverton, or. yel. President, brilliant or. 

 Liudeni, pale or. Prince of Orange, or. yel. 



Marie Van Houtte, or. Superbum, or. red. 



yel. 



CLUSIA. 



This genus of evergreen trees (ord. Guttiferse) 

 requires stove treatment and a soil of rich loam, 

 peat, and sand over perfect drainage. The trees 

 may be increased from cuttings of ripe wood in 

 very sandy soil under a bell-glass over bottom heat. 



Principal Species : 



flava, 30', Jy., yel. rosea, 30', Jy., red. ; 



hlf-hdy tree. 



Other Species : 



alba, 30', Je., wh. odorata, 25', Aug., ro. pk. 



brongniartiana, 25', Jy., tetrandra, 20', Jy., wh. 



wh. venosa, 25', Jy., wh. 



CLUYTIA (yn. CLUTIA). 



Evergreen greenhouse shrubs (ord. Euphorbi- 

 acese) with small white flowers, but of little value 

 for garden purposes. They are grown in loam, 

 sand, and fibrous peat, and are propagated by cut- 

 tings of small side shoots or the tips of others 

 struck in sandy soil under a glass. They require a 

 minimum winter temperature of 40, and one of 

 from 55 to 75" in summer. The species named 

 grow 2' to 3' high. 



Principal Species: 



alateruoides, Jy. polygonoides, Ap. 



daphnoides, My. pulchella, Je. 



ericoides, Ap. 



CNEORUM. 



A genus (ord. Simarubese) of greenhouse or 

 half-hardy evergreen shrubs, propagated by cut- 

 tings of ripened wood in spring nnder a bell-glass, 

 and thriving in two parts of loam, one part of 

 leaf mould and sand. 



Only Species : 

 pulverulentum, 2' to 4', tricoccon, 2', sum., yel. ; 



sum., yel. ; powdery. htly. in the south. 



CNESTIS. 



A small genus {ord. ConnaraceEe) of stove ever- 

 green shrubs, requiring a compost of fibrous loam, 

 peat, and coarse sand. Propagated by cuttings in 

 sand under a bell-glass in bottom heat. 



Principal Species : 

 corniculata, 10', sum., glabra, 10', sum., grn., 



pur. wh. 



polyphylla, 6', sum., pur. 



CNICUS. 



A large genus, mostly of hardy biennial or per- 

 ennial plants, having a Thistle-like habit, and 

 growing from 1' to 8' high. They form, according 

 to the latest authorities, a somewhat heterogeneous 

 group (ord. Composites), including many species 

 formerly known as Cirsium, Chamaepeuce, etc. 

 Several are useful in gardens where sub-tropical 

 effects are aimed at, and one, C. Casabonte, known 

 as the Fish Bone Thistle, is quite commonly used 



Climienofoma (see Dygodia). 

 Cloudberry (see Rubus ckamcemorus). 

 Clone (see Carnation). 

 Clomesia (see Catasetum~). 

 Clul> Moss {see Lycopodium). 

 Club Root (see Cabbage Enemies). 



as a summer bedding plant, but it is not perfectly 



hardy in all gardens. Propagation is readily 



effected by seeds sown in cold frames or in the 



open ground in spring. They are best treated as 

 biennials. 



Principal Species : 



acaulis, 2', sum., pur. eriophorus, 4', Jy., grey 



altissimus, 8', Aug., pur. (*.'/ Cirsium erio- 



Casabonse, 2', Je., pur. phorum). 



(syn. Chamaepeuce Casa- giganteus, Jy., crim. 



bonse). Grahamii, 5', Jy., crim. 



diacaiitha, 3', Je., pur. (5^/H.CirsiumGrahamii). 



(syn. Chamaepeuce dia- spiuosissimus, 3', sum. ,yel. 



cantha). uudulatus, 1', sum., pur. 



Other Species : 



afer, Je. , pur. monspessulanus, Je., pur. 



arachuoideus, Jy., yel. muticus, Je., red. 



horridus, Jy., Aug., wh., ochroleucus, Jy., yel. 



pur. 



COAL. 



The sort known as anthracite is extensively used 

 for heating purposes in some gardens, and is very 

 useful for reinvigorating a dull fire, or raising heat 

 quickly on cold mornings. Whether or not it is 

 superior to coke is an open question ; but experi- 

 ments carefully conducted by the writer tend to 

 prove otherwise, as 112 Ib. of anthracite was found 

 to keep a fire in an hour less than an equal weight 

 of coke, each kind of fuel keeping up the tem- 

 perature equally well. As the coal cost three- 

 pence per cwt. more than the coke, the latter 

 proved more economical. However, the case is too 

 important to be settled by one experiment, and the 

 balance of evidence is claimed to be in favour of 

 the coal. 



COAL ASHES. 



Very useful in the garden, but it is quite 

 possible to have too many of them. Mixed with 

 tar, or used alone, they form useful working paths 

 when well rolled, and provide good standing 

 quarters for pot plants in summer, allowing the 

 free egress of water from the pot, and checking 

 the ingress of worms. If incorporated with heavy 

 land they mechanically render it lighter and more 

 workable. They are often used in excess, par- 

 ticularly on Potato ground, for they lead to scab. 



COBCEA. 



Very beautiful greenhouse or conservatory per- 

 ennial plants (ord. Polemoniacea;), with graceful 

 habit and pretty flowers, and well suited for cover- 

 ing walls, trellises, or pillars. They are of rapid 

 growth, and have bell-shaped flowers. They may be 

 used with advantage for summer decoration out- 

 doors. For this purpose they may be sown early and 

 treated as annuals. Propagated by seeds sown in a 

 gentle heat in spring, or by cuttings of the young 

 shoots struck at the same season in light soil in heat. 

 They make more vigorous growth in a rich soil, 

 but a poorer one is advisable to check the tendency 

 to make growth at the expense of flowers. Plants 

 intended for outdoor work must be properly 

 hardened off before planting out. 



Principal Species : 



penduliflora, Dec. , st. 



cl., grn. 

 scandens, My., etc., cl., aurea marginata, pur., 



pur. (seep. 225). Suit- Ivs. variegated. 



Other Species : 



macrostemma, grh. cl., slipularis, Oct., grh. cl., 

 grn., yel. (syn. lutea). yel. 



able for outside in 

 sum. 



