Cowania 



248 ) 



Craniolaria 



the gardens of the wealthy. The midribs of the 

 leaves are very thick, white, and succulent, and 

 when cooked in similar fashion to Seakale are 

 excellent. The central heart is also available, and 

 this differs little in flavour from an ordinary 

 Cabbage. For an early crop, a sowing- should be 

 made in heat in mid-February, the seedlings being 

 transferred to cold frames to strengthen, and 

 subsequently placed in the open ground 3' apart 

 each way. Successional sowings may be made in 

 March and April. The plants are rich feeders, and 

 nitrogenous manures should be given them freely. 

 A dressing of 1 oz. per square yard of nitrate of 

 soda is a capital dressing, and liquid farmyard 

 manure is also beneficial. 



COWANIA. 



The chief member of this genus (prd. Rosaceae) is 

 a greenhouse evergreen shrub. It is somewhat 

 difficult of propagation ; cuttings should be in- 

 serted in sand under a bell-glass in gentle heat. 

 The best soil is loam, peat, and sharp sand. 



Principal Species : 

 plicata, 2', Je., red. 



COW DUNG. 



Cow dung ta,kes a foremost place among manures 

 because, wht.. associated with litter and urine, it is 

 a complete fertiliser. One point in its favour is 

 that it is not so fiery in its effects upon crops as 

 are many chemical and animal manures. Cow 

 dung is the most valuable for medium and light 

 lands. It is also useful as an ingredient of potting 

 soils, but for this purpose it should be stacked in 

 layers with loam turves, or placed under cover 

 where it will dry steadily previous to use. Scarcely 

 any 'liquid manure is more calculated to assist 

 crop production than that made with fresh cow 

 dung, whether considered as a winter application 

 for fruit trees, or a summer feeding for Vines. Figs, 

 Begonias. Chrysanthemums, etc. Cow dung is the 

 best mulch in early summer where the soil is 

 light, because it holds a larger quantity of moisture 

 than any other organic manure. 



COWSLIP. 



With its Primrose-like leaves, greenish white 

 stem, and bright yellow, fragrant flowers, the 

 Cowslip (Primula veris) is one of the prettiest of 

 British woodland flowers. Ancient herbalists 

 credited the Cowslip with medicinal virtues that 

 are not recognised to-day. Cowslip wine is a 

 pleasant and sparkling beverage, and is still made 

 in those districts where the plant abounds and 

 flowers freely. 



CRAB. 



The fruits of the wild Apple tree are popularly 

 known as Crabs or Crab-apples, and the name has 

 been derived from their sour and harsh taste, which 

 usually causes the eater to make a wry or crabbed 

 face. Crab : apple jelly is a preserve that generally 

 finds favour owing to its distinct flavour. During 

 recent, years a race of garden varieties has been 

 brought into being, and the beauty of their flowers, 

 fruit, and autumn colour has won them a place in 



Covellia (see Fieiis). 

 Com Grass (see Trifolium medium). 

 Cow Parsnip (see Ileraeleum). 

 Cow tree (sse lirasimum). 



our gardens. The Dartmouth, John Downie, 

 Siberian, Imperial, and Transcendent Crabs are 

 among the most ornamental of trees. 



CRAMBE. 



These are easily grown, hardy, herbaceous peren- 

 nials (ord. Crucifero) that, appreciate ricli, deep 

 soil. They may be increased by seeds or division. 

 Their greatest value lies in the fact that one or two 

 are grown for food. 



Principal Species : 



conlifolia, ;V, My., wh. 

 juncea, 2', My., wh. 

 inaritima, H , My., wh. 

 The Sea kale of gardens 



pinnatifula, o', Jy., wh. 

 Taf 



(see Seakale). 

 orientals, 4', Je., wh. ; 



fragrant. 



taria, 3', Je. , wh. The 

 fleshy root of this jila.nt 

 provides the so-called 

 Tartar bread, which is 

 largely consumed in 

 Hungary. 



THE 



CRANBERRY. 



The British Cranberry, Oxycoccus palustris (nrd. 

 Yacciniacete), used to be very largely grown in the 

 damper situations of England and Scotland, but the 

 reclamation of such lands caused its rapid decline. 

 The American Cranberry (O. macrocarpus) was 

 similarly grown. The plants are hardy evergreens, 

 and may be increased with ease by layering or 

 division. A moist peat forms the most suitable 

 soil. 



Principal Species : 



macrocarpus, !)", My., pk. This, the American 

 Cranberry, produces the finest fruits. There is a 

 form with variegated Ivs. 



palustris, (>", My., pk. The English Cranberry. 



CRANIOLARIA. 



An attractive greenhouse annual (urd. Pedalinea:) 

 that should be grown from seeds sown in light, rich 

 soil. 



Crane fly (see Tijnila). 

 Crane's Jlill (sec Geranium). 



