Erythronium 



(329) 



Espaliers 



Other Cultural Points. Crista-galli and herb- 

 acea, which have herbaceous stems, are started in 

 heat in spring ; but the others, after they have 

 been gradually sent to rest in autumn by lessening 

 and finally stopping watering, are top-dressed, or 

 repotted, when necessary, and started in a warm 

 and moist house, with ample supplies of water. In 

 some districts the herbaceous species are wintered 

 outdoors with a good covering of dry litter. 



Principal Species: 



Crista-galli, 8', My. , sc. ; imlica, 20', My., sc. ; a 



Coral Tree, several tinu Hue tree. 



vars. picta, variegated Ivs. 



Other Species : 



Biilwillii, hybrid, sc. (Cris- insignia, 40', My., sc. 



ta-galli X herbacea). inarmorata. My., se. , Ivs. 



caffra, 30', sum., sc. blotched wh. (XI/H. iiidica. 



constautiana,20',suui., sc. marmorata). 



Corallodeiidron, 12', My., Parcellii, red, Ivs. varie- 



sc. <iated yel. (xy/i. iiidica 



glauca, 10', sum., copper. Parcellii). 



herbacea, 3', Jy., sc. speciosa, 9', Aug., crim. 



huineana, 30', sc. (nyii. Vespertilio, sc. 



Humei). 



ERYTHRONIUM. (Doa's TOOTH 

 VIOLET.) 



Beautiful little bulbous plants (ord. Liliacea 1 ), 

 which look charming in the border, the rock garden, 

 or in grass. The varieties of Dens-canis are very 

 beautiful ; and the other species, which are princi- 

 pally from North America, give some lovely effects. 

 The leaves are very ornamental, and are prettily 

 mottled or marbled. Propagation, by offsets, re- 

 moved when the plants are at rest, or by seeds, 

 although ihcM' take some time to give flowering 

 plants. Common soil will do, but some of the 

 Californian species like one of a light character. 

 Erythroniums should be as short a time out of the 

 soil as possible, and should thus be planted as 

 early in the summer or autumn as they can be 

 obtained. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 



Dens-canis, G", Mch. or grand iflorum, 0", Ap., 

 yel. ; Ivs. not mottled. 



Hartwegii, 1', Mch., yel. : 

 earliest. 



Johusonii, 9", Ap., red, 

 pk. : beautiful. 



Ap., pur., pk., wh. ; 

 common Dog's Tooth 

 Violet, several vars. 

 The vars. (sometimes 

 considered species) jap- 

 onicum, vio., pur. , and 

 sibiricum, ro., pur., are 

 pretty. 

 Other Species : 



albiclum, f>", Ap., wh., 

 tinged bl. 



a.mericanum, fi", Ap., yel. 



Hendersoni, 6", Ap., pur. 

 el. 



nuttallianum, golden yel., 

 br. anthers. 



propullans,6", Av>. .ro.pur. 

 purpurascens, 9", Ap., 



yel., pur. 

 revolutum Bolanderi, 9", 



Ap., wh. (.;/. Smithii). 



Howellii. 9", Ap., yel 



ERYTHROXYLUM. 



This genus (ord. Linesc) has an economic rather 

 than a horticultural value, and of the several 

 species only one calls for special mention. This is 

 Coca, 6', summer, green and yellow, which grows 

 readily in a stove, and is propagated by cuttings. 



Eryt]iracIi<r1apalmatlliiln(!tei'Liij'nlariajaponiea). 



Erythrodanum (see Nertcra). 



Erythrodcs (sen I'lii/xiim* . 



Erythro/miinn (sec. Mflnliisin). 



Erytliror]ii:a (see Gala?). 



Erytlirolrrnrt (sec Onimt). 



Erythrotis (sec Ci/anvti*). 



Its leaves are chewed, together with calcined lime, 

 by South American Indians, and have such a 

 stimulating effect that for several days at a stretch 

 hard work can be accomplished by them with 

 little other food. Of late, efforts have been made 

 to popularise Coca as a drug and beverage. 



ESCALLONIA. 



Beautiful half-hardy or hardy shrubs (ord. Saxi- 

 fragese) valuable for growing on walls or in shrub- 

 beries. In the south and by the coast several of 

 the species are used as hedges. Propagation, by 

 layers and by cuttings of half-ripened shoots, 

 struck under a hand-light or bell-glass in sandy 

 soil ; also by suckers. In cold districts the Escal- 

 lonias should only be grown on walls, where they 

 can receive some protection in severe weather. A 

 few Spruce branches are better than a closer 

 covering. 



Principal Species, Hybrid, and Varieties : 



rxoiiii.'iisis, Jy., pk., wh. 

 iloi ilmnda, 10', Jy., wh. ; 



macrautha, (>', Je., red ; 

 vars. sanguinea and In- 



rather tender. gramii (xyn. bicolor). 



langleyensis, Je., pk. ; a philippiana, 6',' Jy., wh. ; 

 hybrid (macrautha X one of the hardiest, 



philippiana) (sn-p. 331). rubra, 0', Jy., red. 



alba, wh. 

 Other Species : 



grahamiana, .V, Oct., wh. Je., wh. (syn. berteri- 



illiuita, o', Aug., wh. ana), 



montana, red. punctata, 3', Je., . red 



moutevidensis, 6' , Jy.,wh. (*////*. rubra var. puuc- 



ptcrocladou, 4', Jy., wh., tata, and sauguinea). 



red. revoluta, 10', Sep., wh. 



pulverulenta glabru, C J', (*.'/". affinis). 



visrosa, .5', wh. 



ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 



Brilliant hardy annuals (ord. Papaveraceae), 

 which sometimes live for several years in dry, 

 sandy soils near the sea. They are very effective 

 in full sun, and make brilliant beds. They are 

 raised from seeds sown where they are to bloom 

 in March, or in autumn, protected slightly from 

 frost. Any soil, though they prefer a sandy one. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 



californica, li', Je., yel. There are several 

 pretty vars., such as alba, rosea, Mandarin, and 

 (lore pleno. The charming form tenuit'olia, with 

 smaller flowers, is another var., sometimes con- 

 sidered a distinct species (syns. Douglasii, crocea, 

 etc.). 



ESPALIERS. 



Espalier trees should run parallel with, and in 

 close proximity to, the garden walks, so that atten- 

 tion to pruning, training, and gathering is readily 

 given, and a height of 4' to 5' should rarely be 

 exceeded. The supports may be very simple, consist- 

 ing of a few upright posts with wires strained be- 

 tween them, the ordinary iron fencing hurdles, and 

 perpendicular posts inserted some 4' or 5' apart ; or 

 made more ornamental in the shape of fancy wood 

 trellises, or open diamond-framed wooden fences. 

 Most nurserymen supply trees ready trained for 

 this method of growing, and a selection can be 

 made from upright, single, oblique, and double 

 cordons, and gridirons, fan-shaped, or horizontally 

 trained trees, ,-is the fancy of the planter dictates. 



Escliallot (sec Slialluf). 

 Eclicn/m,-lii<i (HIT Ctmyza). 

 Kxi-lirrin (SIT /i'/ii.i'i>iiii'). 

 Esmeralda (SIT . I rm'lin<mtJie\ 



