Fuel 



( 356 ) 



Fungicide 



A Selection of Varieties : 



'of the World. MSS Lucy Finnu, 



0,,1. Domino. Phenomena. 



Duchess of Edinburgh. Phenomenal (wh.). 



Edmond About. Tnumphaus. 



With Single Corollas : 



Beauty of Trowbridge. Flocon de > eige. 



Charming. Gertrude Pearson. 



Countess of Aberdeen. Loveliness. 

 Daniel Lambert (nee p. Lye's Excelsior. 



S'-,y\ Mignonne. 



Earl of Beaconsfield. Rose of Castile. 



Elizabeth Marshall. Walter Long. 



Fur Pillars : 



General Grenfell. Mrs. Todman. 

 Miss Berrage. 



FUEL. 



Fuel is a considerable item of expense m 1 



up-keep of a gardening establishment, so that the 



most economical fuels, and the most economical 



methods of employing the same, should be a 



special object of consideration for every practical 



gardener, amateur or professional. It is not 



always economical to use the cheapest coal it 



it is deficient in heating power, though those living 



near the coal pits can get breeze, or the dross ot 



coal at a very cheap rate, and also save a great 



deal on the cartage. Coke, obtainable at the gas- 



works, makes a cheap and serviceable fuel, and this 



may be obtained in any town or village where gas 



is made. At a distance from the mines it is often 



advisableto get good coal by virtue of its relatively 



large heating powers. Within recent years much 



anthracite coal has been used for heating glass 



structures, and proves a clean, hard, and very. 



durable fuel, in fact one of the best when properly 



managed by the stokers. If the fire bars are kept 



clean the less stoking it gets the better. It 



contains 80 to 94 per cent, of carbon, and burns 



with a feebTe flame, but gives off great heat. In 



some districts a good deal of wood is used for fuel, 



and it lias the advantage of getting up heat quickly. 



but it is not durable for banking up the fires at 



night. The fuel used should not be saturated, 



as much heat is wasted in drying up excessive 



moisture while it is burning. (See also HEATING.) 



FUGOSIA. 



A small genus of evergreen stove shrubs (ord. 

 Malvaceae). Propagation, by cuttings of short side 

 shoots in spring, in sandy soil, "with gentle bottom 

 heat, and covered with a frame or bell-glass. Loam, 

 with a little peat or leaf mould, and sufficient sand 

 to render it porous, suits. 



Principal Species : 

 cuneiformis,4', Aug.,wh., HI., red (syn. Hibiscus 



pur. multifidus). 



hakeajfolia, 5', Aug.,grh., heterophylla, Aug., yel., 

 red. 



FUMARIA. (FUMITORY.) 



Rather pleasing annuals (ord. Fumariaceae) 

 Ivliich will usually sow themselves after the first 



Fuchsia (of Schwartz, fee Schrudera). 

 Ftirhsia, California/I {see Zauschneriii). 

 Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry (see Jtibes spe 



eiosunt). 



FuleMronia (see P/tawix"). 

 Fuller n Teasel (see Dipsncui Fullonuni). 

 Fumana (see lleliantliemuiii). 



season They resemble the Corydalises. and the 

 seeds should be sown in March or April. (For 

 perennial Fumarias, tee COKYDALIS, the garden 

 name.) 



Principal Species: 



capreolata, 4', Jy., rk. offieiualis, 4', Ap.. | My., 



media, 3', Jy., pk. !* ('/'< Burc'.iclhi). 



parvittora, IV, Aug., wh. 

 (syn. leucantha). 



FUMIGATING. 



Tobacco, in some form or other, is largely used 

 for fumigating. Tobacco paper, tobacco rag, or the 

 real article itself in various forms is utilised. 

 The met hdd is to get some red hot cinders, or a piece 

 of iron or brick made red hot, placing the same in 

 -an old pail or flower pot. Cover this with the 

 1 tobacco in quantity sufficient to fill the house with 

 smoke. Choose a "still evening just before leaving 

 off work, close the house, making it as air-tight as 

 possible, and set the apparatus going so that the 

 tobacco will just smoulder and smoke, but not 

 flare up. Leave the house closed till next morning. 

 The plants should not be syringed for twenty-four 

 hours. More recently, Lethorion vapour cones have 

 been invented for fumigating, the number of cones 

 requisite being dependent upon the cubic con- 

 tents of the house. XL All is another and a 

 very effective and popular fumigating invention, the 

 insecticide in this, as in the previous case, consist- 

 nf of nicotine in a liquid form, which has to be 

 vaporised by means of a spirit lamp or a piece of 

 candle. Painting the hot- water pipes with a 

 uixture of sulphur and water is an effective 

 means of destroying red spider. It is dangerous 

 to paint flues with it, as the fumes of sulphur ;nv 

 destructive to plant life. 



FUNGI. 



The essential features of a fungus arc that it is a 

 plant devoid of chlorophyll, or leaf green, and 

 derives the whole of its carbonaceous and nitro- 

 genous food from a dead or live host plant. 

 Mushrooms and many toadstools are familiar 

 examples of fungi that live on dead and decaying 

 vegetable matter; these are termed saprophytes. 

 The Potato disease, mildews, rusts, smuts, and 

 Peach blister are but too familiar examples of 

 fungi deriving sustenance from living host plants; 

 these are termed parasites. The most important 

 fungi are dealt with under their own names, or 

 under the names of the plants they attack. 



FUNGICIDE. 



A preparation employed in the destruction of 

 fungi, specially those which are parasitic upon 

 cultivated plants. Fungoid diseases have been 

 increasingly common of late years, and the 

 necessity for the use of various preparations 

 which, while arresting their development, shall 

 do no serious harm to the host plants has 

 become proportionately greater. 



Of many of the specifics in use sulphate of copper 

 forms the principal ingredient. In Bordeaux 

 Mixture (lehii'h see) it is used in conjunction with 

 quicklime. In other preparations the powder form 

 is favoured. For a winter dressing for fruit trees 

 1 Ib. of sulphate of copper may be mixed in 25 

 gallons of water, but constant stirring is necessary 

 while application is going on. 



Flowers of sulphur is a well-known remedy for 



Fumitory (see Corydalh and Vunmriii). 

 Funeral Cypress (jsce Citj>rcisiis funcbrii). 



