Hymenophyllum 



( 434 ) 



Hyophorba 



require the shelter of a case, unless the locality 

 has a very moist climate. 



Propagation. This is a slow and tedious opera- 

 tion. Hants are rarely raised from spores, although 

 spores are produced freely by the plants. A better 

 method is division of the wiry rhizomes, with which 

 all the species are provided, but even this is slow, 

 and not always sure. 



Soil. Sandy peat, live sphagnum moss, chopped, 

 and small pieces of sandstone, with sand, forthe pot 

 plants. In many cases, however, the plants grow 

 upon blocks of coarse, tibrous peat or portions of 

 tree roots, and need no soil beyond a little packing 

 of sphagnum, with perhaps a little peat. 



Other Cultural Points. Hyinenophyllums must 

 have the atmosphere constantly moist, almost 

 at saturation point, as described under FERNS 

 (FlLMY), which see. Close cases are therefore 

 necessary, and only soft, not hard, water should be 

 used for damping down and watering. Although 

 so delicate, Hymenophyllums will stand London 

 smoke much better than many other Ferns. 



Principal Species : 



ajruginosuni, frouds 2" to 



3 long, 1" broad, 



downy, st. ; does well 



on sandstone, 

 caudiculatum, fronds 6" 



to 16" long, 2" to 3" 



broad, st. ; for peat 



block, 

 child-use, frouds 2" by 1", 



dark grn. 

 ciliutuni, fronds 2" to G" 



loni, 1" to 2" broad, 



hairy, st. ; for Tree 



Fern Mock (yni. bory- 



anumaud Plurnieri). 

 tleiniosum, fronds 4" to 



12" long, 3" to 4" 



broad, triangular, grh. 

 dichotomum, fronds 4" 



to 6" by 2" to 3", 



much cut and crisped, 

 nexuosum, fronds 10" to 



12", crisped, formerly 



classed as a Var. of 



javanicum. 

 hirsutmn, fronds 2" to 



6" long, -J" broad, St.; 



good for a wood or Fern 



block. 



Other Species : 

 abruptum, fronds 1" long, 



; l ," broad, st. (xyii. 



brevifrons). 

 asplenioides, fronds 4" 



long, 1" broad, fct. 

 bivalve, fronds 3" to 8" 



long, '2" to 3" broad, 



grh. 



boryauum (see ciliatum). 

 brevifrons (see abruptum ) . 

 crispatum (w javauicum) . 

 dilatatum, fronds 6" to 



12" long, 4" to 6" 



broad, grh. 

 I'alklaiHlirutn, fronds .V 



to ;" long, grh. 

 limbriatum (see javani- 

 cum) . 

 flabi-llatuni, fronds 4" to 



12" long,2"to 4" broad, 



grh. (XI/HX. nitens and 



Mtulum). 



pectinatum, fronds 3" to 

 6" by " to 14". 



sunerbum. 

 polyanthos, fronds 2" to 



8" long, 1" to 3" broad, 

 st. (//. protrusum). 

 Blumeanum is a var. 



pulcherrimum, fronds 6" 

 to 12" long, 4" to 6" 

 broad, triangular, grh. 



tricoideum, grh. (see 

 figure). 



tuubridgense. fronds 1" to 

 3' ' long, 1 ' ' to 1 " broad , 

 grh., hdy., British ; good 

 for a block of sandstone 

 or Tree Fern stump. 



Wilsoni (although de- 

 scribed as a var. of tun- 

 bridgense by the few 

 Hand Lint, some au- 

 thorities make Wilsoni 

 synonymous with uni- 

 laterale). 



unilaterale, close to tun- 

 bridgense, but stiffer ; 

 grh., hdy. .Britain. 



hirtellum, fronds 3" to 



6" long, 2" to 3" broad, 



st., hairy, 

 javanicum, frouds 4" to 



8" long, 3" to 4" broad, 



grh. (si/ns. iimbriatum 



and tasmanicum). 

 nitens (arc flabellatum). 

 Plumieri (see ciliatum). 

 protrusum (see polyan- 



thos). 

 rarum, fronds 2" to 6" 



long, 1" to 2" broad, 



grh. 

 seal irum, fronds l"to 1J" 



long, 3" to 5" broad. 



grh. 

 seneeum, fronds 6" to 



24" long, 2" to 3" broad, 



St., hairy; good for 



sandstone block. 



HYMENOPTERA. 



A large order of insects with four membranous 

 wings and powerful jaws. Among them are to be 

 found many of the most common insects, and garden 

 friends and foes are both included. The Tenthred- 

 inidse, or Sawflies, belong to the latter section. 

 These prey upon the Willows and Roses particularly, 

 the female insect having a sharp, saw. like instrument 

 to enable her to bore a secure resting-place for the 

 eggs. The larva is actually the destructive stage, 

 but Sawflies must be attacked strongly in the perfect 

 insect stage if the plants are to be saved. In 

 another section is placed the Ichneumon fly, which, 

 being a parasite upon the larva: of other flies, is a 



HvMEXOI'HYLLfM TKICOIDEL'M. 



friend to the gardener. The Gallflies (Cynipidas), 

 which cause the galls upon Oaks and Itoses, are 

 also to some extent parasites, their larvse preying 

 upon other insects. Then there is a section of 

 stinging insects, and here the honey bee, humble 

 bee, hornets, wasps, and ants are placed, so that 

 this is a very important section. Ants alone are a 

 host, and they are remarkable for the way in which 

 their communities are organised. Perfect male 

 insects such as the drone of the bee, perfect 

 females like the queen bee, and imperfect females 

 such as the worker bees, are found in this seciion. 

 To speak generally, humble bees and honey bees 

 are friends to the gardener, and wasps, hornets, 

 and ants are enemies. More information will be 

 found under the headings of BEES, GALLS, ICHNEU- 

 MON FLIES, and SAWFLIES. 



HYOPHORBE. 



A small genus (<rrd. 1'almas) of handsome stove 

 Palms, easily grown, but not frequently met with 



