Lippia 



(24 ) 



Liriodendron 



the "Gipsy Moth" (dispar), the "Gold Tail 

 Moth" (auriflua), the "Satin Moth" (Saliois), 

 the " Brown-tail Moth " (chrysorrhoea), and the 

 " Black Arches " (monacha). In all cases the 

 larvse are showy, the bodies being studded with 

 tufts of brightly hued hairs. Whitethorn, Apples, 

 Plums, and other Rosaceous trees suffer most from 

 their ravages (see GIPSY MOTH). The Black Arches 

 is not often troublesome in this country ; it gener- 

 ally confines its attention to Coniferous, Oak and 

 Birch trees. The Satin Moth generally feeds on 

 'Poplar and Willow. 



LIPPIA. 



An extensive genus of stove, greenhouse, rarely 

 hardy shrubs, sub-shrubs, or herbaceous plants 

 (prd. Verbenacere). They are distinguished by 

 small, opposite or whorled, sometimes fragrant, 

 leaves, and racemes of small, white or pinkish 

 flowers from the leaf axils, Citriodora is the most 

 popular species ; it is usually grown under the 

 name of the Lemon-scented Verbena, so called 

 from the pleasing odour given off by the leaves 

 when rubbed. It makes a large bush with long, 

 narrow, rough leaves. In favoured localities it 

 grows well in the open, bushes 6' or more in height 

 being recorded that have passed unharmed through 

 several winters. About London it succeeds well 

 against a wall, but does not thrive in the open 

 ground. Cuttings of young shoots root readily in 

 sandy soil in heat in spring. A rich, light soil is 

 suitable for all the species. An annual pruning is 

 necessary before growth begins in spring. 



Principal Species : 

 bracteata, grh. shr., red. 

 canescens, 3" to 4 ', sum., 



hdy. , lil. (syna. repens 



of gardens and rilifor- 



mis). 

 citriodora, 3' to 12', Jy., 



wh. (syn. Aloysia citrio- 

 dora). Lemon-scented 

 Verbena, 

 uodiflora, 3" to 6", sum., 



hcly., herbaceous, wh. 



or pur. 



LIQUIDAMBAR. 



Deciduous trees (prd, HamamelideEe) found in 

 the temperate parts of Asia and North America. 

 A few species only are in cultivation, but they are 

 very desirable trees for the garden on account of 

 the brilliant red and orange red tints assumed by 

 the leaves previous to their falling in autumn. In 

 general appearance they most closely resemble 

 some of the smaller leaved Acers. The flowers are 

 small, and borne in catkins, male and female being 

 in separate catkins. The foliage and wood of 

 styraciflua are very fragrant, and from the plant a 

 sweet-smelling gum is obtained. Propagation, by 

 seeds or layers. Good, loamy soil, with a little 

 shelter from cold winds, is an important factor to 

 success. 



Principal Species : 

 formosana, 20' to 30' orientalis, 20' (syn. im- 



(./,. acerifolia and berbis). 



Maximowiczii). styraciflua, 30' to 0'. 



LIQUID MANURE. 



As the roots of plants can only absorb 

 food in liquid form, it follows that crops will 

 more readily respond to applications of liquid 

 manure thau to dry manure, which must combine 

 with rain or soil moisture before it is available 

 as plant food. The chief advantages of liquid 

 manure are quick and effectual action, economy, 

 and that it may be applied at the time when 

 crops will most benefit by it. There is also 



less danger in feeding crops with liquid than 

 with dry manures, especially when highly con- 

 centrated and patent manures are used, but while 

 it is safe to follow the maker's directions, in the 

 latter case it is always better to give several weak 

 doses than one very strong one. This applies 

 more to plants in pots and confined borders 

 than to those planted in the open, and to 

 crops of annual or less duration than to those 

 of perennial and arboreal character. Liquid manure 

 should vary in character according to the effect 

 the grower desires to produce. If rapid growth is 

 deemed necessary, a nitrogenous fertiliser, such as 

 nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia, dissolved 

 at the rate of 1 oz. in 3 or 4 gallons of water, 

 will be suitable, but guano employed in similar 

 proportion has a more sustained effect, and is of 

 great value for pot plants of many kinds. Soot is 

 doubly useful, as it is in some respects an insecti- 

 cide as well as a fertiliser ; it is prepared by 

 placing 1 peck of soot (enclosed in a canvas bag) 

 in a hogshead of water, giving it a stir round 

 occasionally during the first two days. The soot 

 water may be used at full strength for most crops. 

 Superphosphate is not often applied in liquid form, 

 but if dissolved at the rate of J oz. per gallon 

 of water, and given to Vines and fruit trees in 

 pots and borders, wherever there is some accumu- 

 lation of humus, it produces good effects. 



All things considered, one of the most gene- 

 rally useful and suitable liquid fertilisers is 

 made from fresh cow manure. Put J bushel in 

 a sack and place it in a tub, then pour in 20 

 gallons of water, and allow the whole to remain 

 twenty-four hours before use ; dilute with clear 

 water to the colour of pale ale. A second 20 

 gallons of liquid can be made from the same 

 manure provided the latter is well stirred. Formerly 

 there was a great waste of liquid manure in large 

 gardens and farmsteads, the drainings from stables, 

 cowsheds, pigsties, and the manure yard being 

 allowed to waste ; but now every well appointed 

 establishment has a large, covered tank, into which 

 all such drainings are conducted, and from which 

 the liquid fertiliser may be pumped. Such a tank 

 should prove of far greater value than many tons of 

 artificial manure, for if diluted to pale ale colour the 

 liquid is suitable alike for pot plants, fruits under 

 glass, the herbaceous border, the Rose garden, and 

 the kitchen and fruit gardens, while its value when 

 applied fairly strong to fruit trees of all kinds 

 during winter, can scarcely be over-estimated. In 

 smaller gardens, where this kind of liquid manure is 

 not obtainable, crops might receive considerable 

 assistance if the house slops were collected mid 

 applied, well diluted, to growing crops, or poured in 

 a stronger state round the roots of fruit trees in 

 winter or spring. 



LIRIODENDRON. (TULIP TREE.) 

 One species only of this North American genus 

 (ord. Magnoliace;c) is known. It forms a very 

 handsome and striking specimen, being in fact one 

 of the most ornamental of hardy trees. The foliage 

 and also the habit are somewhat suggestive of the 

 Plane. The species tulipifera takes its name from 

 the flowers at first sight being somewhat like a 

 Tulip. On closer examination they will be found 

 to resemble those of the Magnolia, but are pendu- 

 lous instead of upright. Flowers are not borne 

 until the trees have attained a considerable age, 



Liquorice I see illycyrrkha). 



