Moths 



Mould 



widespread, is not numerous. The Humming Bird 

 Hawk Moth (Macroglossa stellatarum) and the 

 Clearwing Moths (Trochilium) also belong here. 



2. Bombycina include the Goat Moth (Cossus 

 ligniperda), Wood Leopard (Zeuzera yEsculi), the 

 Tiger Moths (Arctia), Ghost Moth (Hepialis 

 Hurnuli), Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua), the 

 Lackey (Clisiocampa neustria), and many others 

 which are highly injurious to cultivated plants. 

 The Goat and Wood Leopard Moths are notable for 

 boring into the trunks of fruit and other trees. 

 The group is distinguished by the perfect insect 

 having a short, thick body, blunt behind, and broad 

 wings. 



3. Noctuse or Night-Flying Moths have a rather 

 thick body, pointed behind, and narrower wings in 

 proportion to their length. There are about 300 of 

 them, including the Yellow Underwing (Triphama 



front edge or costa, near the base. When the 

 wings are folded they have the outline of a bell ; 

 hence the meaning of the term "bell moths" 

 sometimes applied to them. They are small, 

 numerous in species, and include many that are 

 injurious, such as the Grape Moth (Ditula angus- 

 tiorana), several on Hoses, the Wosberian Tortrix 

 (Semasia wceberiana) in the bark of Apple and other 

 fruit trees, the Codlin Moth (Carpocapsa pomon- 

 ella), and the Red Grub of Plum (Carpocapsa 

 funebrana). 



7. Tineina are small moths, often no bigger than 

 flies, and may generally be recognised by their 

 narrow wings with long fringes on the hinder edges 

 of both pairs. They are very numerous in species, 

 and sometimes in individuals. They include the 

 Clothes Moth, Long Horns, and Flat Body Moths 

 (Depressaria). 



Photo: D. S. Fish, MMmjft, 



Ml'EHLENBECKIA COMPT.KXA (ste 71. 92). 



pronuba), Silver Y (Plusia Gamma), the Heart 

 rind Dart Moths (Agrotis), Cabbage Moth (Mamestra 

 Brassicae), and many others, which prove highly 

 Injurious to garden and field crops. The caterpillars 

 of many hide away underground. 



4. Geometrina are slender-bodied moths with 

 broad wings, and their caterpillars are known as 

 loopers from their mode of walking, by looping up 

 the body. This is due to their having only ten 

 instead of sixteen legs. There are about 200 British 

 species, including several injurious to fruit trees, 

 such as Phigalia and Nyssia ; while the V Moth 

 (Halia vauaria) destroys the leaves of Currants 

 and Gooseberries. Even more injurious are the 

 Gooseberry Moth (Abraxas grossulariata) and the 

 Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata). 



5. Pyralidina are slender-bodied moths, with long 

 and triangular wings. The species are moderately 

 numerous, but few of them ever give trouble in the 

 garden. They include the Grass Moths, Knot- 

 horns, Veneers, etc. 



6. Tortricina have short and broad wings, straight 

 on the hinder edge, but suddenly convex on the 



8. Pterophorina consist of twenty-nine species 

 of Plume Moths, recognised by the two-lobed fore 

 wings and three-lobed hind wings. They are not 

 injurious. 



9. Alucitina contain only one British species, the 

 Twenty Plume Moth, each 'of the four wings having 

 six feathers, or twenty-four in all. 



Remedies for the attacks of various enemies 

 mentioned here will be found under the crops they 

 infest, and under INSECTICIDES. 



MOULD. 



The name is given to a great number of Fungi, 

 owing perhaps to their microscopic size and the 

 impossibility of distinguishing them by the naked 

 eye. There is a considerable amount of vagueness 

 as to what is intended by the term, beyond the fact 



of Thousands (sue Hen and Chtcltens, 

 Lindria Cymbalaria. and Saxifraya sar- 

 mentosa}. 



Mollienrort (see Leonotis). 



Mmtffrtta (*< Patrinia). 



