Papperitzia 



(161 ) 



Parasitic Plants 



lii'vigatum, 2', sum., ami., Pollaki, 3', sum., per., 



sc. red. 



laturitum, 2', My., per., rupifragum, H', sum., 



or. per., or. 



pavoninum, 1J', sum., atlanticum, 11', sum., 



ami., sc. per., or. 



persicum, H', Je., per., ruporient, 3', sum., per., 



red. or. so., hybrid (rupi- 



pilosum, 2' to 3', sum., fragum X orientale). 



l>er., or. spicatum, 2', sum., per., 



brick red. 



PAPPERITZIA. 



A curious little stove Orchid (ord. Orchidaceaa), 

 that is probably not represented in any European 

 collection. The only species is Leiboldii, G", July, 

 green, yellow. 



PARACARYUM. 



Biennial or perennial half-hardy and hardy 

 herbaceous plants (ord. Boraginea?) that are seldom 

 grown. Propagation, by division and seeds. Any 

 ordinary garden soil. 



Principal Species : 

 angustifolium, sum., heliocarpum, It,', aut., 



hdy. per., lilk. bright bl. 



coelestmum, lj', Aug., myosotoides, 1J' Sep , 



bluish wh. hlf-hdy., bl. " 



PARADISANTHUS. 



Low-growing Orchids (ord. Orchidaceae) that are 

 suited by an intermediate house temperature if 

 grown in peat, sphagnum, and broken crocks. 

 Suspend near the roof glass, and give little water 

 during winter. 



Principal Species : 



bahiensis, 6', sum., wh., Moseni, 6', sum., grn., 

 pur. (si/n. Warreabalu- wh., pur. 



eusis). 



PARADISEA. (ST. BRUNO'S LILY.) 

 Hardy plants (ord. Liliaceae) of considerable 



attractiveness. I'ropagation, by division. Any 



deep, fertile soil suits. 



Only Species and Variety : 



Liliastrum, 2', Je., wh., major, larger in all its 

 spotted gru. (</. An- parts than the type 



thericum Liliastrum (S//H. Anthericum Lil- 



and Czackia Lilias- iastrum majus). 

 trum). 



PARAFFIN. 



In this country it is the common but erroneous 

 practice to call petroleum " paraffin," and in every 

 aifc where recipes are given for the destruction o'f 

 insect pests in gardens, petroleum should be cor- 

 rectly substituted for paraffin. Paraffin proper is 

 a crystalline and transparent substance obtained 

 both from wood-tar and some kinds of petroleum, 

 but in recent years the name has had a wider use, 

 and the substance to which Baron Reichenbach 

 gave it in 1830 is now known as paraffin wax. 

 Paraffin oil is part of the product resulting 

 from the distillation of bituminous cannel coal, 

 especially from shale beds. Petroleum exudes 

 from, or is pumped out of, the earth in several 

 regions, notably around Baku in Russia, and in 



1'apaija (see Carira). 



Paper Mulberry (see firoussonetia). 



Paphinia (nee Lycaste). 



Papyrus (see Cyperut). 



Para Cress (see Spilantlies). 



Paradise, Grains </ (see Amomum). 



the American States of Pennsylvania and Texas. 

 Kerosene is another name used in the same con- 

 nection, and is the one used in American hand- 

 books just as paraffin is commonly used in British 

 ones. Kerosene, paraffin, and petroleum, when 

 used to indicate the oil used for domestic lighting, 

 are only names for one and the same liquid, and 

 that the one now largely used in home-made 

 garden insecticides. 



Whichever title is used for the material em- 

 ployed in the destruction of many pests, the 

 utmost care is needed in its handling, or not only 

 the pest but the plant also will be killed. Com- 

 bined with soap and water to form an emulsion, 

 and highly diluted, it makes an excellent material 

 for spraying all crops that are subject to attacks of 

 sawflies and leaf miners, the foliage being thus 

 rendered distasteful to the egg-laying insect. 

 Mixed with wood ashes, at the rate of 1 quart to a 

 barrowload, it forms a useful surface dressing for 

 Carrot and Onion beds, applied immediately after 

 sowing, and again when the seedlings are 2" high, 

 or directly after thinning, as a preventive against 

 Carrot and Onion flies.. For the destruction of 

 mealy bug and scale insects on climbers or other 

 not too tender plants, under glass, paraffin emulsion 

 is most effective in the hands of a careful operator. 

 (See INSECTICIDES.) 



PARASITIC PLANTS. 



Of exceptional interest to botanical students are 

 all those plants that prey upon other members of 

 the vegetable kingdom, for they grow, flower, and 

 fruit with the least expenditure of energy, deriving 

 a large part of their sustenance from the juices of 

 the host. The semi-parasite Mistletoe is the most 

 familiar, and it is not at all particular as to its 

 host, growing well alike on Apple, Thorn, Poplar, 

 Lime, and other trees ; the seed germinates in 

 the crevices of the bark, and pushes its special 

 sucker-like processes (haustoria) into the tissues of 

 the host. 



Another wonderful British parasite is the Dodder 

 (Cuscuta), which germinates in the soil, but soon 

 becomes parasitic upon Ling, Clover, etc., feeding 

 upon its host and forsaking its earlier terrestrial 

 existence. The Dodder often strangles large areas 

 of Ling and Heather on moors and commons, and 

 not infrequently does considerable damage to 

 fodder crops ; it bears no leaves, but flowers and 

 seeds freely. 



Some few plants are parasitic upon the roots of 

 others, notably the Broom-rapes (Orobanche) which 

 affect various subjects, the species being deter- 

 mined largely by the plants they are parasitic 

 upon. Hypopitys multiflora (Monotropese) is para- 

 sitic on Beech and Pine roots, and is occasionally 

 seen in this country. 



In the tropics there are numerous parasitic 

 plants, but the most extraordinary of all is the 

 gigantic Rafflesia Arnoldii, which uses species of 

 Cissus, etc., as hosts, and though producing no 

 leaves and no true stem it has a flower that 

 measures 3' across. This is fleshy, of a dull flesh 

 colour, and gives forth a disagreeable odour. 

 Kafflesia Arnoldii has the largest flower of any 

 known plant. 



Paragramma (see Polypodium). 

 Paraguay Tea (see Ilex). 

 Paranepliellus (see Liabwm). 

 Para Nitt (see Jiertholletia). 

 Para llubber (see llcrea). 



