Pink 



( 204 ) 



Firms 



vulgaris, 4" to 6", My. 

 Jy., My., vio.; British. 



Bog Violet, Butter 

 Wort. 

 Other Species : 



bakeriana (see caudata). lutea, 3", Je. , hlf-hdy., 

 Flos-mulioiiis (see caud- yel. 



ata). orcliidioides, 3" to 4", 



hirtiflora, hdy., close to Oct., grh-, vio. pur., 



vulgaris, but paler 1J" across ; probably a 



flowers with yel. var. of caudata, and 



throat. referred to that species 



lusitanica, 6", Je., Oct., by Indr.r Keicenstt*. 



hdy., lil., yel. ; British. valiisueria'folia, sum., hlf- 

 hdy.. pale pur. or lil. 



PINK. 



Description. The Burden Pink and its varieties 

 are descendants of Dianthus plumarius (ord. Cary- 

 ophyllese). Tlie white, sweet-scented Pink is a 

 great favourite in cottage gardens. The flowers 

 are in great demand for cutting, and the plant is of 

 the easiest cultivation. Show or Laced Pinks have 

 larger and finer flowers, but the perfume is neither 

 so strong nor so sweet. 



Propagation. By seeds, layers, and cuttings. 

 Cuttings are usually relied on. Select young side 

 shoots after the flowering season is over, prepare 

 them as for Carnation cuttings, dibble them into 

 a bed of light, sandy soil, and cover them with 

 hand-lights. They must be kept close until roots 

 are formed. An occasional sprinkling overhead is 

 helpful. 



Soil. A medium loamy soil, well enriched with 

 humus, and mortar rubbish. 



Other Cultural Points. September is the best 

 month in which to plant. Some of the highly bred 

 laced varieties are not so hardy. Go over newly 

 made beds after frosty spells and push back into 

 their places any plants that may have been lifted 

 out of the ground. Established beds benefit by a 

 top-dressing of short, well-decayed manure in 

 March, and another in September or October. Dis- 

 budding is necessary for big flowers. Old clumps 

 are apt to get bare in the centre ; they may be 

 split up and planted in new soil. 



The border section may be forwarded gently 

 under glass. Plants intended for this should be 

 potted in September and wintered in a cold frame. 



Varieties, a Selection of : 



Border or Forcing Pinlts : 

 Albino, very large, pure Her Majesty, large, pure 



wh. wh. 



Anue Boleyn, rosy pur., Homer, dark crim., 



dark pur. centre. fringed ro. 



Bueuo Retire, wh., ro. Mrs. Pettifer, wh., laced 



centre. light pur. 



Capo di Monti, wh. , ro. Mrs. Sinkius, pure wh., 



margin and centre. very sweet, best for 



Clove Pink, ro., very cutting. 



fragrant, a good com- Tom Welch, peach, laced 



paniou to Mrs. Sinkius. crim., fringed. 



Ernest Ladhams, flesh Zurich, wh., crim. centre. 



pk., blotched crim. 



S/um or Laced Pinks : 



Chantilly, wh., maroon Mrs. Waite, wh., red 



centre. centre, laced. 



Clara, deep red centre and Old Chelsea, ro. centre, 



lacing. lacing rosy red. 



Empress of India, wh., Reliance, red, wh., laced. 



laced rosy pur. Sarah, wh., red centre, 

 Godfrey, rosy red centre. laced. 



Harry Hooper, reddish The Rector, wh., rosy pur. 



pur. lacing. centre, laced. 



Minerva, ro. centre. 



Pin Pillar (see Opimtia curassavica). 



PINUS. (DEAL THEE, PINE TREE.) 



Description. A large genus (rd. Conifersc), of 

 importance decoratively and economically. The 

 genus Pinus is essentially one of tall timber 

 trees of noble presence, hardy for the most part. 

 A few dwarf varieties have been raised from time 

 to time in gardens. 



Of vigorous constitution, the Pines will grow in 

 almost any soil ; sylvestris, the Scotch Fir, likes a 

 peaty and sandy medium. Extensive woods of the 

 Scotch Fir are to be found in the peaty districts of 

 Hampshire, Berkshire, and parts of Surrey, as well 

 as in Northern Britain. A gravelly soil will occa- 

 sionally produce remarkably tine specimens, and two 

 magnificent trees are growing in sucli a medium at 

 Aldermaston Court in Berkshire. Pinaster and Pinea 

 thrive in shallow, sandy soil, near to the sea coast; 

 banksiana and ponderosa will grow in a soil so 

 dry that other vegetation will die ; and rigida 

 prefers a moist, even a swampy, medium. Laricio 

 and most, of its varieties like a rich soil and rather 

 sheltered spots, while no position is too bleak or 

 windswept, no winter too severe, for lambertiana. 



The Pines generally appear to the best advan- 

 tage when planted as single specimens. They 

 make indifferent shrubbery trees. In many parts 

 of the country Laricio nigricans (austriaca) has 

 been associated with other trees in plantations, and 

 its scragginess is always pronounced. Bold groups 

 of three, five, or even seven are quite permissible 

 and effective, but the Pines, as indeed all the taller 

 Conifers, impart a certain sombreness to the land- 

 scape that may be easily overdone. 



Economic Products. In addition to timber, 

 which is a characteristic product of the order, 

 turpentine, tar, and resins are obtained from a 

 number of species. Russian turpentine is furnished 

 by sylvestris, also tar by a process of drv distillation. 

 Black pitch is the residuum in thestill after tar has 

 been distilled; it is chiefly made in Russia. The 

 leaves of Laricio are used for stuffing cushions, 

 being first made into "Pine wool"; the oil from 

 these leaves is used in the manufacture of soap. 

 Longifolia gives wood, oil, turpentine, and resin, 

 and australis is a great turpentine yielder. The 

 turpentine is obtained by tapping the trees, and 

 resin (commonly called rosin) is left after the oil 

 of turpentine distilled from the crude turpentine 

 has itself been distilled. The seeds of Pinea, the 

 Stone Pine, are edible, and are commonly on sale in 

 Lisbon markets ; they are usually strung together. 



Propagation. By seed sown in spring, as for 

 Piceas (which see). Frequent transplanting, es- 

 pecially with Pinaster, is necessary before they are 

 transferred to their permanent quarters, otherwise 

 there will be an absence of fibrous roots, and many 

 deaths will occur. Grafting upon stocks of the 

 respective types is practised for varieties that, will 

 not come true from seed. 



Fungoid and Insect Pests. The Pines are the 

 prey of almost innumerable enemies, both insect 

 and fungoid. Fungi are especially destructive. 

 Polyporus rnollis and P. borealis attack the Scotch 

 Fir. Annosus is, however, even more dangerous 

 than either. It attacks the roots, setting up what 

 is commonly known as Red Hot, paralyses root, 

 action, and the death of the tree ultimately follows. 

 If roots of affected trees are examined they will be 

 found overgrown with the mycelium, and the fruit 

 is usually closely fixed to the roots. Trarnetes, an 

 nllied fungus, also causes Red Rot ; and Pini. which 

 occasionally is found on other Conifers, often gives 



