Pionea 



(207 ) 



Piptanthus 



rigidu, 30' to 4o', \\f. inassoiiiana, Pinaster of 



light grn., cones ovoid, Loiuloii in part, rubra, 



raaki's a big head (xyu. and sylvestris). Aurea 



Loddigesii) . and variegata are vars. 



serotina, Ivs. and cones torreyaiia, Ivs. and shoots 

 longer. glaucous when young, 



rubra (see resinosa). cones 4J" to oi" long 



Ta>da, 80', Ivs. pale (.;/. lophosperma) . 



grn., rigid, cones 3" tuberculata, '25' to 40', 

 to ;>" long, solitary, Ivs. deej) grn., three 



wood used in the angled, cones from 4" 

 United States for to 8" long (//. atten- 

 torches. Frankincense, uata and calif ornica). 



Loblolly, Old-field, or uncinata (see moutaua 

 Torch Pine. var.). 



Thuubergii, 70' to 80', Veitchii (see Ayacalmite) . 

 ITS. dark grn. (si/ns. 



* These all belong to the section Strobus ; 

 those without the asterisk belong to the section 

 Pinaster. The section Strobus has the leaves 

 in fives, and loose, deciduous sheaths, with com- 

 paratively softer, lighter, and less resinous wood 

 than is found in the section Pinaster, where also 

 the leaves are in bundles of from one to five, and 

 the sheaths are usually persistent. 



PIONEA. 



The Garden Pebble Moth (Pionea forficalis) lives, 

 in the larval stage, upon the leaves of Horseradish, 

 Cabbages, and many Cruciferous weeds. The 

 perfect insect is about 1" in spread of wings, which 

 are straw yellow, shaded brown ; the body is also 

 yellow. There are two broods of the yellowish green 

 larvae each year, in June and September. Hand- 

 picking the larva;, killing the moths, and ridding 

 .the garden of all Cruciferous weeds, are the 

 remedies. 



PIOPHILA. 



The Celery Stem Fly (Piophila Apii) is occa- 

 sionally troublesome, and is difficult to deal with. 

 The yellowish white maggots tunnel, during winter 

 and spring, into the Celery stems, their presence 

 being betrayed by patches of rusty red hue. These 

 maggots pupate in the stems, and the pupas hatch 

 in the following May. The flies are glossy black, 

 with yellow veined wings, and a chestnut brown 

 head. They are J" in length. The burning of 

 affected leaf stems is the only practicable method 

 of dealing with this pest. 



PIPER. (PEPPER.) 



Although upwards of 000 species have been 

 placed in this genus (ord. Piperacea;), interest is 

 centred only in a very few, more for their economic 

 than for their decorative qualities. Betle yields the 

 Betle Leaf of commerce, which occupies the same 

 position in the Far East that Tobacco does in the 

 West. Nigrum furnishes both white and black 

 pepper, the difference between the two condiments 

 being that to get white pepper the seeds are 

 deprived of their outside husk. Propagation, by 

 cuttings of semi-matured shoots, rooted in sandy 

 soil, in a temperature varying with the character 

 of the species, whether half-hardy, greenhouse, or 

 stove. Soil, loam, leaf mould, and sand. The 

 flowers are small and inconspicuous. 



Principal Species : 

 Betle, st. cl., flowers in lie grn., stems grn., 



catkins. Betle Pepper mottled wh., blk. (xyns. 



and Betle Leaf. Artanthe decurrens 



decurrens, st., Ivs. metal- and magnifica). 



Piimandra (see Ct/pJwmandra). 

 Piperidye (sec Jierberit). 



excelsum aureo-pictum, 

 grh., Ivs. ovate-cordate, 

 3" to 5" long, grn., 

 blotched cream, aro- 

 matic, a bush or small 

 tree. 



Futokadsura, hlf-hdy. 

 deciduous or ev. shr., 

 flowers gru., fruits red ; 

 close to uigruin. 



metallicum, st., Ivs. fleshy, 

 round, metallic grn. 



iiigrum, st. cl., flowers in 



Other Species : 



borneeuse, st., Ivs. large, 



dark gru., striped silver. 



rubro-nodosum, st. shr., 



catkins, fruits first grn., 

 then red, ultimately 

 blk. Black or Common 

 Pepper. 



ornatum, st., Ivs. nearly 

 round, bright grn., pk. 

 spotted. 



porphyrophyllum, st. cl., 

 Ivs.rouud, heart shaped, 

 bronze grn. .spotted pk., 

 pur. underneath (*//. 

 Cissus porphyrophyllus 

 of gardens). 



with fleshy, red, grn. 

 stems. 



rubro-venosum, st., close 

 to oruatum, probably a 

 var. 



PIPES. 



The pipes employed for heating glasshouses are 

 made in 9' lengths, and usually of cast iron ; the 

 inside bore is 4". For connecting purposes, pipes 

 with a (>" bore are occasionally employed in large 

 establishments. Three-inch pipes are used as 

 mains below ground where larger pipes would be 

 in the way. 



For carrying clear water to taps, 1" pipes are 

 usual. They are generally of iron. Lead pipes are 

 more lasting, but also much more expensive. Iron 

 pipes lined with lead are coming into favour. All 

 water pipes exposed to the action of frost should 

 be swathed during the winter months with hay or 

 straw bands. 



Earthenware drain pipes are usually 4" in inside 

 diameter. (See DRAINAGE.) 



Rain-water pipes of galvanised iron for roofing 

 are from 3" to <>" in diameter. Gutter piping is 

 of half pipes, usually 4" in diameter. It should 

 be fixed to the eaves of all glasshouses, and much 

 washing of paths would be saved. Eain water is too 



Erecious to waste, and should be stored in tanks, 

 ee that the gutter pipes are freed occasionally 

 from rubbish. The mouths of the take-away pipes 

 should be covered with a wire guard. 



PIPINGS. 



Young shoots of the current year's growth upon 

 Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks that is, shoots 

 suitable for cuttings. When required they should 

 not be more than 3" long, and the lower leaves 

 should be removed to bare the soft young wood. 

 More defoliation is injurious. The pipings may be 

 cut after flowering is over, inserted in beds of 

 light, sandy soil, upon a shady border, covered by 

 hand-lights, and kept close until they show signs 

 of rooting. Watering and syringing overhead are 

 helpful. Sixty per cent, would be a good strike. 



PIPTADENIA. 



An obscure genus (urd. Leguminosae) of stove 

 shrubs or trees, none of which is of any garden 

 value. 



PIPTANTHUS. 



Hardy or half-hardy evergreen shrubs (ord. 

 Leguminosae) of great beauty. Propagated by 

 seeds, by cuttings of the ripe shoots, rooted in a 

 close, cool frame, and by layers. Soil, sandy loam 

 in a well-drained position. Nepalensis appears to 

 the greatest advantage when grown against and 

 trained to a wall, as at Kew, where it flowers 

 regularly eacli year. 



