Pterostylis 



( 247 ) 



Puccinia 



PTEROSTYLIS (*yn. DIPLODIUM). 



Tufted. greenhouse, terrestrial Orchids (ord. 

 Orchidaeeie), with small, tuberous roots. Propaga- 

 timi, I iy division, just before growth starts. Soil, 

 leaf mould and sand. 



Principal Species : 



acnminata, 6", AJI., grn. 

 Hauksii, 6" to 18 , Ap., 



Baptistii, 1', win., grn., 



wh., br. ; the best. 

 . curta, 6", Oct., grn. 



nutans, 6" to 12", Sep., 

 gm. 



PTYCHOCOCCUS. 



Stove Palms (ord. Palmae). For culture, see 

 PTYCHOSPEKMA and PALMS. 



Principal Species : 

 arecinus, CO', Ivs. grace- slender, pinna; 10" to 



ful; the best. 12" loug (./. Pty- 



Miadoxus, 15' to 20', stem chosperma paradoxa 



ofScheff). 



PTYCHORAPHIS. 



Stove Palms (ord. Paluiie). Propagation, by 

 imported seeds. Soil, loam, leaf mould, and sand. 

 Free drainage and plenty of water are needed. 



Principal Species : 



augusta, SO to 10(1', Ivs. 

 8' to 12' long ; resem- 

 bles Cocos weddeliana 

 when young. 



siugaporeusis, 6' to 12', 



stem slender, Ivs. 3' to 

 6' long (*i/*. Drymo- 

 phlopus, Ptychosperma, 

 and Rhopaloblaste siu- 

 gaporensis). 



PTYCHOSPERMA. (AUSTRALIAN 



FKATIIKR PALM.) 



Elegant stove Palms (ord. Palmse), usually with 

 tall, slender trunks carrying heads of large leaves. 

 All are of easy culture, provided they are given 

 plenty of heat and moisture. Propagation, by im- 

 ported seeds. Soil, loam three parts, leaf mould 

 one part, and sand. Thrips and red spider are 

 the chief insect enemies, but they rarely do much 

 damage if the syringe is regularly used. 



Principal Species : 



elcgans, Ivs. several feet sanderiana, 10' to 15', 



long, jagged at the endfl Ivs. 4' long, fruits 



(./. Soaf'irtliia elcgans bright red. 



of R. Brown, not of Warletii, Ivs. jagged at 



Hooker). the ends, silvery be- 



Mae-artliuri, Ivs. 1' to 8' neath ; this is only 



long. arching (.//. known in a young state. 



Keuti.-i Mararthuri). 



Other Species : 



Al<'\;iii(lra'(nowArc,honto- paradoxa (see Ptycho- 



phcenix Alexandra;). coccus paradoxus). 



angnstifnlia (now Coleo- perbrevis (now Balaka 



spadix oninensis). perbreris). 



disticha (now Pinanga rnpicola (now Loxococcus 



disticha). rupicola). 



filifera (now Vitiphcenix Seemannii (now Balaka 



tilitVra). Seemannii). 



Xonnanbyi (now Areca singaporensis (see Ptycho- 



Normanbyi). raphis singaporensis). 



PUCCINIA. (RUSTS.) 



I'arasitie. Fungi (ord. Fungi), highly destruc- 

 tive of wild and cultivated plants. They are variable. 

 in their manner of life, and some pass through a 

 highly complex life cycle. Graminis is an example. 



1'1,-rostijruj' (sec, llali:*iu). 



l'fi/iixti'/>//iiim (see Tridax). 

 Ptilot rirli u in (xi't 1 . Ah/xxiim). 

 Ptycliochiliix (xi-r Tropidia). 



Yellow or brown patches make their appearance 

 upon the leaves of the Wheat plants in June, and 

 these- are found to be composed of clusters of 

 yellowish spores (uredospores) borne upon branches 

 (basidia) of the mycelium, (vegetative portion of 

 the fungus), permeating the tissues of the leaf. 

 The uredospores are one-celled, and germinate 

 in a few hours if placed upon a moist leaf surface. 

 This summer stage was at one time regarded as 

 a distinct organism, and was given the name of 

 Uredo linearis. Several crops of uredospores are 

 produced in the summer, but towards autumn they 

 are succeeded by the two-celled resting spores 

 (teleutospores), which are black in colour. This 

 was the stage formerly considered to be Puccinia 

 Graminis. The uredospores lie dormant until the 

 following spring. In germinating they develop 

 short, thread-like tubes (promycelium), which 

 divide into cells and produce lateral cubes, each of 

 which terminates in a spore (sporidium). These 

 sporidia are produced in great numbers in spring, 

 but before the fungus can again attack the Wheat 

 it has to pass through the ^Ecidium stage, in which 

 its host plant is the Barberry (^EcidiumBerberidis). 

 It produces the " cluster cups " upon the Barberry. 

 The spores from ^Ecidiiim Berberidis germinate 

 upon the Wheat, and give rise anew to the rust. 

 The fungus is heteroecious, i.e. requires more than 

 one host plant to support it. 



Principal Heteroecious Puccinias : 

 [NOTE. u. = uredospores, t. = teleutospores, 

 a. = ajcidiospores. ] 



Caricis, u. (U. Caricis) and rubigo-vera,u.(TI.rubigo- 



t. (P. striola) on Carex, vera) and t. (P. Stra- 



a. (IE. Urticae) on minis) on Grasses, a. 



Nettles. (JE. Asperifolii and 



coronata, u. and t. on Lycopsidis) on members 



Grasses, a. (^E.RliMimii) of Boragiuea;). 



on Rhammis. sylvatica, u. and t. on 



Poarum, u. and t. on Carex, a. on Dandelion. 



Poas, a. (JE. Tussila- 



ginis) on Coltsfoot. 



Many Puccinias have a simple life cycle. They 

 usually have uredospores and teleutospores, but, as 

 far as can be discovered, only need a single host 

 plant, so that they are said to be autoecious. It is 

 in this section that the most generally destructive 

 species, as far as the gardener is concerned, are to 

 be found. Subjoined is a list : 



Arenarife, u. not known ; has also been called 



forms br. blotches on Uredo Centaureos. 



many species of Caryo- Malvacearum, one of the 



phyllacea;, including mostdestructivespecies. 



Pinks and Carnations. Hollyhock Fungus. 



Carnation Rust. Jlenthie, on Mints and 



Buxi, attacks Box ; dark, various species of 



warty spots ; u. not Labiata; ; causes gouty 



known ; not very shoots ; the recidium 



dangerous. stage directly destruct- 



(iriid'.'iiiip, attacks Gen- ive. 



tiaua acaulis ; not coin- mixta, upon Chives and 

 mon ; a. not known. Onions. Has three 

 Grossulariii-, t. (Puccinia kinds of spores de- 

 stage). (iiMwberry veloped at once, viz. 

 Cluster Cups. u. and two forms of t., 

 Hieracii, found upon i.e. one-celled and two- 

 many Composite \vrei Is ; celled. 

 lir. blotrhes. Provi- pringshermiana, attacks 

 sionnl name for f'hry- Gooseberries, 

 anthemum Rust, which 



Remedies. As the growth of the parasites is in 



the tissues of the host plants, preventive rather 

 than curative measures have to be adopted. Spray- 

 ing with Bordeaux Mixture and a solution of 



