Pyrola 



( 253 ) 



Pyrus 



PYROLA. (WlNTEKGBEEN.) 



Hardy perennial herbs (ord. Ericaceae), some of 

 them steinless ami one species leafless. Several 

 species make handsome garden plants, and may be 

 planted in shaded nooks in the rockery and hardy 

 fernery. They will do also in thin shrubberies, 

 provided they can get a free supply of water. 

 Propagation, by division as growth is starting in 

 spring. A rather light and sandy soil, containing, 

 however, plenty of humus, is to their liking ; they 

 will not thrive in heavy, clayey media. 



Principal Species : 



rotuudifolia, l>", sum., 



hdy., wh., fragrant, 



good for rockwork ; 



British. 

 urenaria, Ivs. smaller 



Other Species : 

 elliptica, 0", Je., Jy., 



wh., fragrant, 

 niaculata (now Cliima- 



phila maculata). 

 media, 4", Jy., Aug., wh., 



flushed red ; British. 



than type, good for 

 rockwork ; British sea 

 shores. 



secuuda, Jy., gni., wh. ; 

 British. 



minor, 8" to 12", Je., 

 Aug., wh., tinged red, 

 Ivs. nearly round. 



umbellata (now Chima- 

 phila umbellata). 



uniflora (now Moneses 

 graudiflora). 



HAMILTOXIA and 



PYRULAR1A (>jni. 



SPH.EROCARYA). 



Three species only of deciduous trees and shrubs 

 (ord. Santalacea:). Pubera, the only species yet in 

 cultivation in this country, may be increased by 

 cuttings, and thrives in a sandy, loamy soil. 



Principal Species : 



pubera, 3' to 12', My., hlf-hdy., grn., in small 

 spikes ; fruit a drupe, containing a good deal of 

 acrid oil (syn. oleifera). Buffalo, Elk, or Oil Nut. 



PYRUS. 



Description. It would be difficult to exaggerate 

 the importance of this genus of trees and shrubs 

 (ord. Rosaceie), which, although not very large with 

 regard to the number of species it contains, is yet 

 very comprehensive. Included in it are such fruits 

 as the Apple and Pear, whilst most of the species 

 and varieties are handsome flowering subjects, 

 which would be sadly missed from our lawns and 

 shrubberies. All the species are hardy, and most 

 of them will withstand our most severe winters 

 with impunity. Aucuparia and its varieties, also 

 baccata, Aria, and Mains and its varieties, make 

 handsome lawn trees, and some of the varieties of 

 Mains take kindly to pot culture, and may be forced 

 gently into flower for the conservatory. Hard 

 forcing invariably causes the buds to drop. 



Propagation. By seeds, cuttings, and grafting. 

 (For particulars, see APPLE and PEAB.) 



Soil. A deep loam of medium texture is the 

 favourite soil, but most of the Pyruses will do in 

 any soil from very light to very heavy. 



Division of Genus. The genus includes Malus, 

 Sorbus, Cydonia, and Mespilus, as well as part of 

 Aronia. It may be conveniently divided into seven 

 groups or sections, viz. (1) Pyrophorum, typified 

 by communis, the Pear ; (2) Malus, which may be 

 represented by baccata and Malus, the Apple ; (3) 

 Aria, in which are Aria, the White Beam Tree, and 

 Torminalis ; (4) Sorbus, which includes Aucuparia, 



the Mountain Ash or Rowan, and Sorbus ; (5) 

 Adenorachis, which includes arbutifolia ; (6) 

 Cydonia, of which japonica is the typical species ; 

 and (7) Mespilus, where germanica, the Medlar, 

 must be placed. There has been much shifting 

 about of the various genera, and thus each plant 

 has, as a rule, a goodly list of synonyms. A few 

 only of these are given. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 

 [NOTE. The synonymy is that of the Ken Hand- 

 List^ 



edulis, 



Pijrolirlnn (see 



Pyrr/ieima (see Tradrscantia). 



Pytkonium (see Thomsonia). 



arbutifolia, 2' to 10', My., 

 Je, , hdy. shr., wh. or 

 flushed pur., fruits red 

 or pur., Pear shaped 

 (.sv/y/.v. Aronia pirifolia, 

 Azarolus and Sorbus 

 arbutifolia). Choke 

 Berry. 



melanocarpa, Iva. 

 larger, dark pur. fruits 

 (syn. grandifolia). 



Aria, 4' to 40', My., Je., 

 hdy., Ivs. deeply lobed, 

 wh. beneath, fruits 

 dotted red, i" across, 

 British (syns. baden- 

 sis of gardens, meri- 

 dioiialis, odorata of 

 gardens, Mespilus Aria, 

 etc.). White Beam Tree. 

 There are many vars., 

 of which those named 

 helow are some of the 

 best: 



chrysophylla, Ivs. yel. 



latifolia, Ivs. broad 

 with deltoid lobes. 



rupicola, fruits nearly 

 car., Ivs. very wh. 

 beneath. 



Aucuparia, 10' to 30', My., 

 Je., hdy., cream wh., 

 fruits sc., flesh yel., Ivs. 

 5" to 8" long, pinnate; 

 British (syiti. Aucu- 

 paria sylvestris, Mes- 

 pilus Aucuparia, and 

 Sorbus Aucuparia). 

 Rantry, Rhoddon or 

 Roan Tree, Mountain 

 Ash, Rowan Tree. 

 Many vars., including :- 



atropurpurea, fruits 

 very large, dark red. 



fastigiata, upright 

 habit. 



foliis-aureis, Ivs. yel. 



fructu luteo, fruits yel. 



pendula, branches 

 weeping. 



rossica fructu dulcis, 

 fruits sweet. 



variegata, Ivs. varie- 

 gated. 



baccata, l.V to 20', Ap., 

 My., hdy., wh., fruits 

 yel., red, as large as a 

 nig Cherry. The pulp 

 is used in Siberia for 

 making quasar punch, 

 and in England for 

 making jelly. A beau- 

 tiful lawn tree (*//*. tar- 

 tarica of gardens, Malus 

 baccata, cerasifera, and 

 rossica). Siberian Crab. 

 The vars. aurantiaca, 



lutea, micro- 

 carpa, obconoidea, pr<e- 

 cox, striata, and xautho- 

 carpa are good (nee 

 p. 251). 



Chama3mespilus, 5' to 6', 

 My., Je., hdy. shr., red, 

 fruits red, round (//. 

 Aria, Aronia, Mespilus, 

 and Sorbus Chama;- 

 mespilus). Bastard Med- 

 lar, Bastard Quince. 



Hostii, 10', spr., rosy 



Sk. (syns. Aria aud 

 rataegus Hostii). 



communis, 20' to 40', Ap., 

 My., hdy., wh., fruits 

 pyriform. Several vars., 

 including cotiuifolia, 

 flore pleno, and pen- 

 dula. Wild Pear. 



coronaria, 20', My., hdy., 

 ro., fruits grn., fra- 

 grant, Ivs. ovate or 

 heart shaped (syns. 

 Crataegus and Malus 

 coronaria, and M. micro- 

 carpa coronaria). 



flore pleno, double 

 (syn. angustifolia fl. pi. 

 of gardens). Sweet- 

 scented Crab. 



crataegifolia, spr., wh., 

 fruits red, elliptic. 



Cydonia, 20', My., Je., 

 wh. or pale red (KI/HS. 

 Cydouia lusitanica and 

 vulgaris and Sorbus 

 Cydonia). Common 

 Quince. 



floribunda.My. , hdy. , rosy 

 red, very free, fruits 

 nearly round. One of 

 the best of hdy. flower- 

 ing shrubs (syns. Malus 

 floribunda and micro- 

 carpa floribunda, tee 

 p. 252). 



flore pleno, double 

 (syns. halleana and 

 Parkmanuii of 

 dens). 



Scheideckeri, semi- 

 double, floriferous ; 

 thought by some au- 

 thorities to be a hybrid 

 (floribunda X pruui- 

 folia). 



japonica, 5' to 6', spr., 

 sum., hdy., deep sc., 

 large, showy, fruits 

 large, grn., fragrant, 

 but not edible, ripe in 

 Oct. (KI/HS. Clwuomeles 

 and Cydonia jupouica, 

 C. lagenaria, C. speci- 

 osa,aud Malus japouica, 



gar- 



