Rosa 



C 284 ') 



Rossi 



anything approsiching sourness having fatal results. 

 Hoots of trees may be divided into two groups, the 

 strong main roots serving as anchors to the trees, 

 holding them firmly against storms, and the fibrous 

 feeding roots which are found at the extremities of 

 the smaller roots. In many cases it is desirable to 

 check the thick roots to aid in the production of 

 feeding roots ; this is done by root pruning. The 

 production of feeding roots in preference to main 

 roots is very advantageous in the case of fruit 

 trees; in ornamental trees a circle of strong 

 main roots should be left. When trees or 

 shrubs are in nursery quarters the roots should be 

 trimmed and got into good condition, otherwise 

 when permanent planting is done deaths are certain 

 to occur. Again, when planting in the nursery the 

 planter should be careful to arrange the roots in a 

 circle, not lay all to one side. The latter is 

 injurious, as the tree is only anchored on one side, 

 and should a severe storm come from the other 

 direction the tree is almost certain to be blown 

 over or disturbed. The aim of the cultivator 

 should be to keep feeding roots as near the surface 

 of the soil as possible, where they will obtain air. 

 This can be done by keeping the best feeding 

 material near the surface, and also by top-dressing. 

 Trees growing in grass land are greatly benefited 

 by having a circle 6' or 8' in diameter kept clear 

 round the trunk and cultivated. 



With pot plants it is also very necessary that 

 ample drainage should be given, and a good, open, 

 sweet compost be vised. If the soil does become 

 sour it should be washed away and a fresh start 

 made. Whether indoors or outdoors the density of 

 the soil is an important factor to success, some 

 plants requiring the soil to be made very firm, 

 others preferring it light. Fruit trees are on the 

 whole best if the soil is made moderately firm, 

 loose soil being conducive to luxuriant growth, 

 while firm soil is productive of flowers and fruit. 



In addition to ground roots there are air roots, 

 such as are seen in epiphytal Orchids, etc. ; these 

 obtain all their moisture from the atmosphere. 



ROSA. 



Description. An extensive genus (ord. Rosacese), 

 yielding the most ornamental of all garden 

 flowers. The favourite appellation, " The Queen 

 of Flowers," is undeniably appropriate. Its habit, 

 the form and colour of its flowers, and its fra- 

 grance have made the Rose an object of admiration 

 from the earliest ages. Its commercial importance 

 is great; in its cultivation many thousands of 

 people are employed, raising plants, growing 

 flowers for market, or producing the delicious 

 Attar of Roses and other perfumes. Rose gardens 

 devoted solely to Roses are among the most 

 delightful features of large places. In beds on 

 grass, in borders, separately, or among other 

 flowers, they are very beautiful. Roses, as im- 

 proved by cultivation, claim the greatest share 

 of favour, but the species possess much grace and 

 beauty. They are charming for wild gardening, 

 shrubberies, or rock gardens. The climbing species 

 are very pretty, covering trees, trellises, walls, or 

 arches ; but the cultivated Roses present even 

 greater beauties for such purposes, and the popu- 

 larity of Crimson Rambler has led to a rapid 

 increase in the demand for free-growing Roses of 



Ropala (see ltou/>ala). 

 Jtosanoria (see Sinninyia). 



similar character. For pillars many climbing 



Roses are very suitable, and it is, indeed, almost 

 impossible to have too many in the garden. (See 

 ROSE.) 



Principal Species, Hybrids, and Varieties : 



[NOTE. Selections of garden Roses are given 

 under ROSE.] 



ocicularis, 8', Je., blush. borbouica. Bourbon 



nippoiiicus, ro. Rose. 



alba, 4' to 7', Je., wh., diversifolia, red. 



blush. Several vars. odorata, various. Tea 



Probably a hybrid Rose. 



(cauina X gallica). sanguinea, blood red, 



alpina, 3', Je. , pk. or red semi-double, My. to Oct. 



(.v,ys. iuermis and pen- lu-vigata, 10', Je., grh., 



dulina). wh. (syns. Camellia, 



pyrenaica, pk. camelhsefolia, sinica, 

 anemoneenora, wh. (*;/. hystrix, nivea, etc.). 



indica anemonffiflora). Cherokee Rose. 



Banksia>, 20', Je., wh. ; Anemone, grh., pale 



walls. ro. ; hybrid. 



lutea, yel. ; walls. Lucia> (nee wichuraiana). 

 blanda, 1' to 3', My., ro. lutea, 3', Je., yel. (.V//;M P . 



(si/iix. fraxinifolia and chlorophylla, Egum- 



lucida of gardens, not teria, and fuetida). 



Ehrh). Austrian Brier. 



Fendleri, ro. bicolor, sc., yel. (./. 



Manettii, ro., semi- puuicea). 



double. flore pleuo, double. 



setigera, ro. Harrisoni, double yel. 

 bracteata, 2', Jy., wh. nioscliata, 12', Aug., yel., 



Macartney Rose. wh. (ti/iis. Brownii, 



flore pleuo, double wh. Brimonii, Bruuonis, 

 (.*//>/. alba odorata). and Dupontii). Musk 



scabriuscula, Jy., wh. Rose. 



canina, G' to 8', Je., pk. multiflora, 12', Je., wh., 

 to wh. Many vars. pk., or pur. (.//.. poly- 

 Dog Rose. antha and simplex). 



centifolia, 3' to G', Jo., flore pleuo, double, 



rosy pur. Cabbage Rose. repens, 2' to 8', Je. , wh., 



Tills aud the following yel. eye (.sy/^. arveusis). 



vars. have given many capreolata. Ayrshire 



fine garden forms. Eose. 



muscosa, ro. or wh. flore pleno, double wh. 

 Moss Rose (see Rose). rubigiiiosa, ;V, Je., pk. 



pa!stumensis,ro., double (,'/"' Eglaiiteria of 



or semi-double. Miller, not Linnaeus, 



parvifolia, small blooms and suavooleus). Sweet 

 (KI/HS. burgimdica, pom- Brier. Eglantine. 

 ponia, and remeusis). rugosa, 6', Je., red. (/.///.. 



cinnamomea, G', My. , pale t'rvox and rr^ r cli;ni;i). 



red. Ramanas or Japanese 



flore pleno, double Rose. 



flowers. sempcrvirens, Je., cl., wh. 



damascena, 2' to 4', (.s//w.s. lougicuspis, pros' 



Je., wh., red. Damask trata, and scaudeus). 



Rose. Several vars. Ever- 



belgica, small flowers. green Rose. 



Rose of Four Seasons. sinvplicifolia, 2' to 3', Je., 



portlandica. Portland grh., yel. (xynit. berbeii- 

 or Perpetual Rose. folia, persica, Hulthei- 



versicolor, red, wh. ruia berberifolia, and 

 (XIIH. Rosa Mundi). Lowea berberifolia). 



gallica, 2' to 3', red to spinosissima, 1' to4', My., 



crim. French (sec Gal- wh. (SI/UK, pimpiuel- 



lica Roses). lifolia and scotica). 



Coiulitorum, the source Buniet Rose. 



of a perfume in Asia altaica, taller, wh. 



Minor. (SI/HI, altaica, graudi- 



provinciah's, red. Pro- flora, and cistiflora). 

 vence Rose. 'wichuraiana, 3' to 20', 



indica, 4' to 20', Je., red. trailer, Jy., wh. (cor- 



Chiua or Monthly Rose. rectly Luciee). 



Other Species, Hybrids, and Varieties : 



abyssmica, Je., cl. , wh. nigresceus, 10', sum., 



beggeriana, 10', sum., wh. wh. , bracts sooty. 



(syn. anseriua'folia). Sclireukii, 10',sum.,wli. 



