Salvadora 



( 303 ) 



Sambucus 



moisture in the soil, they are apt to draw the 

 moisture from the roots. In dry seasons, there- 

 fore, the application of concentrated saline fer- 

 tilisers is either inoperative or positively injurious 

 unless water is also given. (See also ARTIFICIALS 

 and MANURES.) 



SALVADORA. 



Evergreen stove trees and shrubs (ord. Salva- 

 doracete), with racemes of small, whitish flowers. 

 Propagation, by cuttings. Soil, fibrous loam. 



Principal Species : 



persica, 12', Je., wh. (*//. indica and wightiana). 

 Mustard Tree, Kiknel Oil Plant. 



SALVIA. 



Description. Upwards of 450 species of this 

 genus (ord. Labiat:c) have been described, and a 

 large number are of considerable garden merit. 

 The species are for the most part annual, biennial, 

 or perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, and are either 

 stove, greenhouse, or hardy subjects. For the 

 herbaceous border several make excellent plants, 

 particularly patens with its rich blue flowers. As 

 a potherb officinalis, the Common Sage, is most 

 useful, and the greenhouse species are very 

 ornamental. Although most of the indoor species 

 are perennials, they are best treated as annuals. 



Propagation. By seeds or by cuttings for 

 the majority. Most of the indoor species should 

 be propagated by means of cuttings in Febru- 

 ary and March, but splendens is improved by 

 being raised from seed annually. Cuttings should 

 be inserted in sandy soil, and placed in a warm 

 case ; seeds should be sown under similar condi- 

 tions. 



Soil. Rich loam should form the principal part 

 of the compost, adding thoroughly decayed natural 

 or some artificial manure at the time of potting. 

 The most suitable of all composts for indoor species 

 is the one recommended for bush Chrysanthe- 

 mums. Outdoor plants thrive in any rich soil. 



Other Cultural Points. Plants must never be 

 allowed to starve for want of larger pots, frequent 

 repotting being necessary until the flowering 

 size, which may be anything from 6" to 10", is 

 reached. After this, manure water in quantity 

 will be required. For the first few months fre- 

 quent pinching out of the points will be necessary 

 to form sturdy plants ; especially is this the case 

 with splendens, coccinea, etc. Throughout summer 

 they may be grown out of doors. About London, 

 Salvias are sometimes affected by fogs ; the best 

 method to adopt in foggy weather is to keep the 

 plants fairly dry and cool. Patens should, especi- 

 ally in cold districts, be lifted and stored in a 

 cool place for winter. In spring it may be started 

 indoors, and be planted out in May. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 



a/.urea, 6' to 8', Aug. to officinalis, 2', sum., hdy., 



Feb., grh., bl. pur. Sage. 



coceinea, 3', Aug., grh., - tricolor, superior to 



sc. type, 



fulgens, 3', sum., grh., patens, 2!', sum. , bl. 



red. alba, wh. 



Heerii. 3', win., grh., sc. splendens, 3', Aug. to 



involuorata, 4', Aug., grh. Jan., grh., sc. 



or hlf-hdy., ro. Bruantii, very fine. 



Bethelli, rosy criin. compacta, dwarf. 



leucautha, 3', win. , grh. , grandiflora, very large. 



wh. Si Ivor Spot, Ivs. spot- 

 ted with silver. 



Other Species and Varieties: 



JEthiopis, 3', My., hdy., bracteis violaceis. 



wh. iuterrupta, 3', Je., hdy., 



angustifolia, 2', My.,hdy. , yel. 



bl. lyrata, 1', Je., hdy., pur. 



argentea, 3', Je., hdy. nutans, 2' , Jy., hdy., vio. 



bien., pk. , wh. petiolaris, 3', aut., grh., 



aurea, 3 , spr., grh., yel. red. 



bicoior, 2', Je., hdy., red, pratensis, 4', My., hdy., 



wh. vio. 



cacalieefolia, 3', Je., grh., alba, wh. 



bl. rosea, ro. 



cuuescens, 2', Jy., hdy., rutilans, 3', win., grh., 



pur. red. 



gesuerajflora, 3', Mch., scapiformis, 2', My., grh. , 



grh., 8c. bl. 



glutinosa, 3', Jy., hdy., sylvestris, 2', Aug., hdy., 



yel. pur., vio. 



Grahami, 4', Sep., grh., tihefolia, 4', My., hdy., 



sc. bl. 



hians, 1', Je., hdy., bl. virgata, 4', Sep., hdy., 



Hormiuum, 1J', Je.,ann., wh. 



pur. viscosa, !', My., hdy., 

 vio. 



SALVINIA. 



A pretty little plant (<ird. Salviniacese), suitable 

 for stove or greenhouse. It grows and floats on 

 water in a similar manner to Azolla and Lemna, 

 and, like those plants, increases very rapidly in 

 summer. It is closely allied to Ferns. Propaga- 

 tion, by spores. The mature plants are made up 

 of slender stems clothed with small, Fern-like 

 leaves. No roots are to be found, the leaves on 

 the under side of the stem performing the root 

 functions. From between these leaves the spore 

 cases are developed. Natans, the only species, is 

 an annual, and to keep it a number of plants 

 should be placed in a pan of water, which has 

 previously been half filled with loam, in autumn. 

 The spores will fall on the loam as the old plants 

 die, and will commence growing in spring. 



SAMBUCUS. 



Description. Hardy trees, shrubs, and herb- 

 aceous plants (ord. Caprifoliacese). About a dozen 

 species and a large number of varieties are known, 

 j of which the majority are in cultivation. The 

 common Elderberry, S. nigra, is the most familiar 

 example. It is a British plant, easily recognised 

 by its coarse, pinnate leaves, large, flattened heads 

 of white flowers, richly coloured black fruits, and 

 pungent smell. The flowers and fruit are largely 

 used in some places for wine, and extracts of the 

 leaves, stem, flowers, and fruits are utilised in the 

 preparation of many home made medicines. The 

 value of the species from an ornamental point of 

 view is quite overshadowed by its golden-leaved 

 varieties, and by other species and varieties. Race- 

 raosa differs from other species by having it 

 flowers and fruits in branched racemes. The fruit 

 of this is bright red, and extremely ornamental. 

 In some parts of Switzerland it is said to be one 

 of the most ornamental bushes imaginable when 

 covered with fruit; unfortunately, birds are very 

 fond of the fruit, and it is difficult to get it at its 

 best here. 



Propagation. By cuttings of ripened shoots 1' 

 I long, inserted in rows 1' apart in the open air ; 1" 

 I or 2" will be found sufficient space between the 

 j cuttings. 



Salt Tres (see Halinwdnulrori). 

 Saltwort, Blai-k (ee ttlaiix'). 

 Samara (of Srcartz, see Myrsine). 



