Scopolia 



( 321 ) 



Screens 



species of Scolytus the following are the most 

 important : destructor (syn. Geoffroyi), upon the 

 Elms ; Ratzburgii, upon the Birch ; and rugulosus, 

 upon Apples, Pears, and Plums. 



The genus Hyselinus, belonging to this group, 

 has several injurious species, viz. crenatus and 

 Frnxini, on the Ash ; and Polygraphus angustatus, 

 palliatus, ater, and piniperda, upon the Scotch Fir 

 and other Conifers. Of the genus Bostrichus, 

 domesticus attacks the Birch and Beech ; and 

 chalcographus, typographus, Laricis, saturalis, 

 bidentatus, micrographus, lineatus, and cinereus, 

 Conifers. 



As a rule, the beetles chiefly affect dead or 

 dying trees or branches, and it is easy, for the most 

 part, to remove these. Or the back may be pulled 

 off and burned, a good time being towards the end 

 of June. 



Rugulosus is more troublesome, as it attacks 

 young and ailing trees. Coating the trees with 

 soft soap and petroleum worked into a stiff paste is 

 helpful, but the removal of the badly infected trees 

 is really the only true remedy. 



SCOPOLIA (iy>i. SCOPOLINA). 

 Hardy, erect-growing, branching herbs (prd. 

 Solanaceas). Propagation, by division of the roots, 

 preferably in autumn. A light, rather dry soil, in 

 a partially shaded spot. (For Scopolia of Forster, 

 see GniSELiyiA.) 



Principal Species and Variety : 

 camiolica, 1' to 14", Ap., scentless (ni/nx. hlodni- 



hdy., lurid red, yel., or kiana and fladnichiana 



grn. inside (''/. Hyos- of gardens), 



cyamus Scopolia of lurida, 4' to 6', Sep., lidy., 

 Botanical Magazine grn., yel., then pur. 

 ll'JG). (XI/H. Whitleya stra- 



- concolor, pale yel., mouifolia). 



SCORCHING. 



If exposed to the full effect of the sun's rays 

 during the summer, plants under glass are apt to 

 have parts of their leaves burnt or scorched. This 

 is a great disfigurement, for the scorched pieces 

 die and become brown patches, or they may drop 

 out, leaving the leaves full of unsightly holes. 

 With the exception of succulents, such as Agaves 

 and Cacteae generally, all plants are more or less 

 liable to this scorching, and it is therefore neces- 

 sary to provide the glasshouses with shade during 

 the hottest part of the day. (/Sre also SHADES.) 

 Such tender subjects as Gloxinias, Tuberous Be- 

 gonias, and Streptocarpuses, which have very 

 tender leaves, will naturally burn or scorch much 

 more quickly than such plants as Palms and 

 Aspidistras, whose leaves are much tougher. 



Scorching is aggravated by careless ventilation 

 early in the morning, or by allowing the atmo- 

 sphere of the house to become very dry at any 

 time during the hours of sunshine. The tempera- 

 ture must be closely watched, air given as soon as 

 the glass begins to rise freely, plenty of water 

 thrown about the paths and stages, and shading 

 applied. When Mnitlin^; up the house in the 

 afternoon scorching will not result, even although 

 the sun be bright, if a copious syringing be given, 

 and a moist atmosphere thus secured. 



Scorching on Vines is frequently due to the fact 

 that the temperature is allowed to fall very low 

 during the night. A quantity of moisture is de- 

 posited upon the leaves, and these drops of water 

 act as burning gl;i"< s in'\t morning when the sun 

 strikes down upon them before they have time to 

 become dry. The remedy is to keep up the tem- 

 51 



perature of the house by night with fire heat, and 

 to give air early in the morning, seeing that the 

 shading of Vines is not usually practised. An 

 excellent plan is to leave a little " top air " on the 

 vineries all night, from the end of May onwards, 

 according to the weather. Plant houses may well 

 be treated in the same way. 



Scorching was at one time largely brought about 

 by imperfections in the glass employed in the 

 houses. Now. good glass being so cheap, there is 

 less probability that the glass is to blame. If 

 plants scorch, the reason and the cure are to be 

 sought for in some of the other points mentioned. 



Watering outdoor plants overhead in bright 

 weather during the hottest part of the day occa- 

 sionally causes scorching, but not nearly so fre- 

 quently as people imagine that is, for leaves 

 devoid of cavities wherein the water may collect. 



SCORPIURUS. 



Dwarf hardy herbs (ortl. Leguminosse), with 

 yellow flowers and twisted pods. Vermiculata, 

 the only cultivated species, is a trailing annual, 

 increased by seeds. Any garden soil. 



SCORZONERA. 



Hardy herbaceous perennials (orcl. Composite), 

 almost the whole of which produce yellow flowers. 

 Propagation, by seeds in spring, in any garden 

 soil. 



Culture as a Vegetable. The value of the genus 

 lies in Scorzonera hispanica, whose tap roots form 

 a valuable change vegetable in winter. The soil 

 should be deeply worked, but no manure added 

 unless the ground be very poor, when quite decom- 

 posed manure may be incorporated with the second 

 spit. Draw drills 12" apart and J" deep, sowing 

 the seeds thinly early in April. Thin the plants as 

 may be necessary until they stand 8" asunder in 

 the rows, when serviceable roots will develop by 

 autumn. When the foliage dies down the roots 

 may be lifted and stored, as advised for Carrots. 

 which nee ; or they may remain in the ground and 

 be drawn as required. 



Principal Species : 



austriaca, 1', Aug., yel. laciniata, 2', Je., yel. (SIM. 

 graminifolia, 2', Jy., yel. Podospennum lacini- 



hispanica, 3', Jy., yel. atum). 



SCOTCH KALE. 



A tall-growing variety of Brassica oleracea. 

 which being very hardy is valuable as a winter 

 vegetable. (Full cultural directions are given under 

 BORECOLE, which see.) 



SCREENS. 



It is frequently desirable that, either to hide 

 some unpleasant view or shut out a too inquisitive 

 public, live screens should be used. Sturdy young 

 Poplars soon make a tall screen, as also do Limes. 

 Wood trellises clothed with Ivy, evergreen Roses, 



Scorpion (Irnmt (xcc Myonntit). 



Sfur/iiini Si'inin (Cormilla Emerns). 



Scorpins njiiimsiis (/' MH-HI-/I, Genista yermanica)* 



Scotch As/1/iin/i'l (i'fljietilia paliistrii). 



Scotch HlnebM (sir Campanula rotimdifolia). 



Vc/cA Iliniiiilx ( Mil rimming arcades). 



Sniifli Croeui (tee Crocus bit/tin/*). 



/(/( Laburnum (Laburnum iil/iiiiuuf). 

 Neateli. I'iiif (sir I'll/us si/lri'strif). 

 Scotch I'rinirosn ( Primula scntira), 

 Scotta (see Jiossiiea). 



