Smilacina 



( 341 ) 



Snails 



sand in heat. Soil, loam and peat, with a dash of 

 sand. 



Principal Species : 

 liBvigata, I)', Jy., wh. pubescens, 6', Feb., wh. 



SMILACINA. (FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.) 



Perennial herbs, generally hardy (ord. Liliace:e), 

 with small flowers. Propagation, by division in 

 spring or autumn and by seeds. Light soil in a. 

 shady position. 



Principal Species : 

 bifolia (now Maiantlie- wh. (si/n. Tovaria 



mum Convallaria). racemosa). False Spike- 



borealis (now Clintonia nard. 



borealis). stellata, 1 ' to 2', My. , wh. 



canadensis (now Muian- (SI/IIK. Convallaria stel- 



Uiemum ConvaUaria). la'ta and Tovaria stel- 



oleracea, 4', My., whitish lata). 



ro. (syn. Tovaria oler- uniflora (now Clintonia 



acea). uniflora). 



i-aceiuosa, 2' to 3', My., 



SMILAX. (AMERICAN CHINA ROOT., 



A large genus of stove, greenhouse, or hardy 

 climbing shrubs (ord. Liliacese) of considerable 

 economical value, as Sarsaparilla is made from the 

 roots of several species ; rootstocks of China form 

 part of the food of some of the Chinese, and a 

 liquor resembling beer is made in Carolina from 

 the rootstocks of pseudo-China. Propagation, by 

 division or seeds. Soil, sandy loam. For Smilax 

 of pinions, see AspAUAOUs MEDEOLOIDES. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 

 aspera, 5' to 20', Jy.,hcly. greenish wh. China 



or hlf-hdy., wh. or Koot. 



flesh (/. MgUtefoHa). glauca, 3', Jy., hdy., 



angustifolia, Ivs. nar- greenish wh. (syn. 

 ro *. Sarsaparilla of Linmeus 



mmiritanica, hlf-hdy., in part). 



greenish yel. (si/n. ornata, 3', grh., Ivs. 



niaimtanica) ; the best spotted silvery grey on 



form. grn. (syn. macrophylla 



- puiictata, Ivs. spotted maculata). 



wn - pseudo-China, Jy., hdy., 



auriculata, hlf-hdy., wh., grn. 



fragrant. rotundifolia, Je., hdy. or 



China, 30', Aug., hdy., hlf-hdy. cl., grn. (syn. 

 quadran gularis) . 



Other Species and Varieties : 



argyKKi, st. cl., Ivs. grn., herbacea, Je., hdy. cl., 



spotted wh. malodorous. Carrion 



australis, 3' to 6', sum., Flower. 



grh., wh. or gru. and Simsii.lvs.morepointed 



pur. (KI/II. latifolia). (syn. herbacea of Bnt- 



Bona-nox, 5' to 10', Je., anical Magazine 1920). 



hlf-hdy., greenish wh. lanceolata, 15', Je., hdy., 



(X.UH. liastata of Will- grn., wh. 



denow). latifolia (see australis). 



hastata, Ivs. narrower, macrophylla oruata (see 

 margined with spines. ornata). 



rubens, tendrils pur., salicifolia variegata, grh., 

 kvs. less prickly. Ivs. margined wh. he- 

 discolor, grh. or st., ITS. tween ribs (syn. longi- 



blotched purplish br. folia foliis- variegatis) . 



glyciphylla, sum., grh. Shuttleworthii, st. cl., Ivs. 



Botany Bay Tree and deep grn., large, 



Tea. blotched silvery grey. 



SMITHIA. 



Stove herbs, sub-shrubs, and shrubs (ord. Legu- 

 minosae), with pinnate leaves, and usually yellow, 

 occasionally purple or violet flowers. Propaga- 

 tion, by seeds sown in a warm frame. Soil, loam 

 and peat in equal parts, with sufficient sand to 

 secure porosity. 



Smeluskia (see Smelmrtitia). 



Principal Species : 



purpurea, 6" to 12", sum., st. ann., pur., marked wh. 



SMUT. 



A group of microscopic Fungi (Ustilaginaceas) 

 which infest the leaves and flowers of many plants, 

 especially Grasses. The spores in most cases vary 

 from dark brown to sooty black. The closely 

 packed and interwoven mycelial hyphao carry large 

 quantities of spores, and it is at the time that the 

 tissues of the host plants are ruptured to admit of 

 the extension of these masses of spores that 

 the sooty appearance is most noticeable. As the 

 parasites live within the tissues of the host plants 

 external spraying is only of use as a deterrent to 

 infection, but these smuts are so widespread that 

 spraying is attended with difficulty. The destruc- 

 tion by fire of infected plants is the best remedy. 



Chief Smuts and Plants Attacked : 

 Ustilago violacea and of Primula elatior, P. 



Sorosporium SapouariaB. farinosa.and P.vulgaris. 



Anthers of many mem- Urocystis Viola?. Viola 



bers of Caryophylleie. odorata. 



- hyalinum. Seeds of Anemonee. Anemones 



Astragalus glycyphyl- and other members of 



lus and Convolvulus Ranunculaceas. 



Sepium. sorosporoides. Thalic- 



primulicolum. Seeds trum minus. 



Smuts from coal fires exercise an injurious effect 

 upon plants, as they stop up the pores of the leaves 

 and hinder their working. The free use of the 

 sponge and syringe is necessary to keep the plants 

 in health. 



SNAILS. 



The snail has a large and conspicuous shell, 

 which forms an admirable shelter for the inmate. 

 Almost all the snails injurious to garden crops 

 belong to the genus Helix, and although they are 

 not often so troublesome as the ubiquitous slug 

 they occasionally work a good deal of damage. Po- 

 matia, the Apple Snail, has a dull, yellowish white, 

 spirally brown striped shell 2" across. Hortensis 

 (tyn. aspera) is the common species, and its yellow- 

 ish brown shells frequently reach 1J" in diameter. 

 Nemoralis is another British species, but it is to 

 be sought for more amongst the weeds in the 

 hedgerows than in the garden. Where snails are 

 numerous hand - picking is the best remedy. 

 Cold weather does not hurt the pests in the 

 slightest. On its approach they close the entrance 

 to the shell and remain without motion for 

 indefinite periods. Thrushes and Blackbirds are 

 fond of snails ; so also is the farmyard duck. A 

 few ducks will soon clear out all the snails. For 

 trapping, see SLUGS. 



Smo/te Plant (see Rhiis Cotiimi). 

 Smoke Wood (see Clematti Vitalba). 

 Smooth Flower (see Leianthiis longifolivi). 

 Smooth -fruited Horse Chestnut (see ^E&culus and 



Pavia). 



Snail Flower, Climbing (Phaseolus Caracalla). 

 Snake Gourd (Trichosantftcs Angitina). 

 Snake Millipedes (see Millipedes). 

 Snalte Plant (see Dracunculus). 

 Snahe'i Heard (see Ophiopogon). 

 Snake's Head (see Fritillaria Meleagris, Iris 



tuberosa, and flermodartylus). 

 Snalte's Mouth Orchid (see Pagan/a ophiogluss- 



oidet). 



Snake's Tongue (see Ophwglossiim). 

 Snake Weed (Puly/jonum Bistorta). 

 Snake Woud (see Cecropia and Strychnos). 



