Sonneratia 



( 347 ) 



Sophro-Lselio-Cattleya 



SONNERATIA (.</. AUBLETIA). 



Stove shrubs and small trees (ord. Lythrariese), 

 rare in cultivation. Propagation, by cuttings in a 

 close frame. Soil, sandy peat and loam in equal 

 parts. 



Principal Species : 



acida, Je.,red, fruits acid, alba, My., wh. 



eaten by the Malays as apetala, 40', Je., wh., a 



a condiment. sub-aquatic tree. 



SOOT. 



Soot varies considerably according to the quality 

 of the combustibles employed and the degree of 

 combustion. As taken from the domestic chimney 

 it contains about 12 per cent, water, 35 to 50 per 

 cent, ash, and the remainder various volatile 

 substances, which can be got rid of by further 

 and complete combustion. In the ash there are 

 calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, 

 the first four of which are essential plant foods, 

 combined with phosphoric and sulphuric acids. 

 Also silicates are present to some extent. The 

 volatile substances referred to are rich in am- 

 monia, and it is the presence of sulphate and 

 chloride of ammonium that invests soot with its 

 principal fertilising qualities. 



Its uses in the garden are manifold. As a nitro- 

 genous manure it is in high favour, whether 

 applied in the powder form to the land and dug 

 in, or given as a liquid. There is no better lawn 

 manure than soot. It should be sprinkled on 

 when a shower is threatening, just enough being 

 given to give the grass a black coating. Soot 

 water is a first rate stimulant for many plants, 

 imparting, as it does, a deep, glossy green hue to 

 the foliage (see LIQUID MANURE). Soot and cow 

 manure mixed, in liquid form, is a capital stimulant 

 for Ferns and Palms. 



As an insectifuge, dusted over young seedlings, 

 it will also help to keep slugs at bay, as they do 

 not like the acrid taste. It is useful for dusting 

 over Gooseberry bushes that are attacked by 

 maggot, and over young Turnips as a deterrent of 

 the Turnip fly. 



The following mixture, made up into a thick 

 paint, is sometimes put on walls of glasshouses 

 as a cure for Red Spider: 1 Ib. flowers of sulphur, 

 2 oz. soft soap, and enough clay and clear soot 

 water to bring it to the consistency above referred 

 to. This is also a useful mixture for painting fruit 

 walls with after the trees have been undone in the 

 autumn, as it is effective against other insect 

 pests than Red Spider. 



In all cases soot should be kept dry and under 

 cover. Also it should not be used fresh, but be 

 allowed to stand for three months before it is used 

 upon tender seedlings. 



SOPHORA. (EDWAKDSIA.) 



A genus of stove, greenhouse, or hardy deciduous 

 trees, shrubs, or herbs (ord. Leguminosae), with 

 heads of pretty flowers. The hardiest is japonion, 

 the Pagoda Tree of China and Japan, but tetraptera 

 is hardy in the south or against a wall in th& 

 warmer districts farther north. Propagation, by 

 seeds under glass ; the weeping and variegated 

 forms by grafting on the type. Soil, sandy loam. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 



japouica, 30' to 40', Aug. , - hybrida, branches 



ndy., wh. (./. Styph- spreading, 



nolobium japouicum ; peudtila, pretty weep- 



see p. 346). ing habit. 



variegata, Ivs. varie- microphylla, flowers 

 gated. broader, branches 



tetraptera, 6' to 12', My., slender (syns. Edward- 



yel. sia macuabiuua and 



grandiflora, flowers E. macrophylla). New 

 longer but narrower Zealand Laburnum. 

 (nyn. tetraptera of lio- 



tiinical Jhtyazitte 167). 



Other Species : 



ausf rails (see Baptisia heptaphylla, 6', Oct.,hdy. 



australis). shr., yel. 



bifolia (now Ammoden- macrocarpa of Loddiges, 



dron Sieversii). 8' to 10', Ap., grh. ev., 



ohrytoptryila, 6' to 10', yel. (*//. Edwardsia 



My., grh. shr., yel. chilensis). 



(XI/H. Edwardsia chryso- platycarpa, like japonica, 



piiylla). but with flatter pods, 



glauca, 4' to 6', My., hlf- secundiflora, 6', Je., grh. 



hdy. shr., pale pur. ev., vio. 



(si/it, velutiua). tomentosa, 6', Aug., hlf- 

 hdy. shr., yel. 



SOPHRO-CATTLEYA. 



A number of handsome bigeneric hybrids have 

 been raised between Sophronitis grandiflora and 

 several species of Cattleyas. The effect of the 

 Sophronitis parentage has been to impart a good 

 deal of orange scarlet to the flowers and keep the 

 hybrids dwarf. (For culture, see CATTLEYA.) 



Principal Hybrids : 



[NOTE. s. = sepals, p. = petals, 1. = lip.] 



batemanniana (S. grandi- hardyana (S. grandiflora 



flora X C. intermedia), X C. AclandiaB), s. 



3" across, s. and p. aud p. light reddish 



bright ro., flushed sc., pur., spotted darker, 1. 



1. crim. pur., creamy pur., yel. disc. 



wh. eximia (S. grandiflora X 



Calypso (S. grandiflora X C. bowringiana) , s. and 



C. Lodcligesii harrison- p. bright pur. ro., 1. 



iana), 4" across, s. and dark pur., ro., throat 



p. bright rosy pur., 1. yel. 



yel., pur. apex. Queen-Empress (S. grand- 



Chamberlainii trium- iflora X C. Mossiie), s. 



Sliaiis (S. grandittora X aid P- rosy crim., 1. 



. harrisoniana), s. and dark rosy pur. 

 p. rosy pur., 1. yel. disc. 



SOPHRO-LJELIA. 



Bigeneric hybrids obtained by crossing Sophron- 

 itis grandiflora with some species of Lselia. (For 

 culture, see L/ELIA.) 



Principal Hybrids : 



[Nora. s. = sepals, p. = petals, 1. = lip.] 



Lseta (S. graudiflora X XL. flava), s. and p. 



L. pumila dayana), s. or., yel., 1. long, iiar- 



aud p. light red, pk., row, yel., flushed red, 



1. rosy pur., throat yel. or. 



Marriottii (S. grandiflora 



SOPHRO-LJELIO-CATTLEYA. 



Trigeneric hybrids resulting from the fusion of 

 species of Sophronitis, Lselia, and Cattleya. This 

 has been effected by crossing Sophronitis grandi- 

 flora with a Laelio-Cattleya. (For culture, tee 

 CATTLEYA and L/ELIA.) 



Principal Hybrids : 



[NOTE. s. = sepals, p. = petals, 1. = lip.]' 



Eros (S. grandiflora X L.-C. schilleriana), s. 



L.-C. elequus Turner!). and p. soft rosy car., 1. 



beautifully coloured, deeper, flushed ma- 



and an improvement geuta, throat flushed 



on Veitrliij. yel. 

 Veitchii (S. graudiflora X 



