Tilletia 



( 394) 



Tobacco 



TILLETIA. 



One species of this genus of minute Fungi is 

 common in many corn-growing districts, attack- 

 ing the ovaries of Wheat flowers and causing the 

 Drains to turn dull green when ripe. Bunt and 

 Stinking Rust are common names for the disease ; 

 the latter is given because when ripe, affected 

 grains are crushed they are greasy and give off an 

 obnoxious odour. Other species of Tilletia attack 

 Kye, Lolium, and other Grasses. If the grain is 

 soaked in a 1 per cent, solution of carbolic acid 

 in water the pest will be destroyed. 



TIMONIUS. 



Evergreen stove trees (ord. Rubiacese). Propa- 

 gation, by cuttings in a close case. Soil, three 

 parts fibrous loam, one part peat, and coarse sand. 



Principal Species : 

 Riimphii, 12', sum., wh. 



TINANTIA. 



Half-hardy perennial herbs (ord. Commelinacese). 

 Propagation, by division in spring, or by cuttings. 

 Soil, light, rich loam. 



Principal Species : 



fugax, 15", Jy., pur. (syn. Tradescantia erecta of 

 liotanical Magazine 1340.) 



TINEA. 



A large genus of small moths that seldom do 

 any harm in gardens, but are destructive to cloth- 

 ing and furniture. Belonging to the same division 

 (Tineina) is the allied genus Hyponomeuta, which 

 contains the Small Ermine Moth (which sec). This 

 is sometimes known as Tinea padella, and causes 

 much destruction to Apples, Pears, and Hawthorns, 

 chiefly by eating the flowers in spring. 



TINNEA. 



Stove herbs or sub-shrubs (ord. Labiatse). Prop- 

 agation, by cuttings in sandy soil. Soil, fibrous 

 loam and leaf soil, with a little manure and sand. 

 Pincli out the growing points to induce bushy 

 growth. 



Principal Species: 



sethiopica, 3' to 6', win., crim. pur. 



TIPULA. (DADDY LONG LEGS.) 

 This genus of flies (ord. Diptera) contains one 

 well-known species, T. oleracea, which in the adult 

 stage is popularly called the Crane Fly or Daddy 

 Long Legs. It is one of the worst of garden pests, 

 its grubs known as Leather Jackets because of 

 their tough, greyish skins doing a great deal of 

 damage to various members of the Cabbage tribe 

 (Brassicas), and to lawns, by eating the roots, just 

 below the surface of the soil. Pieces of Potato, 

 Carrot, or Parsnip, slightly hollowed, and with a 

 skewer attached, make good traps if set 1" or 

 so below the surface of the soil ; they must be 

 examined every day, the skewers serving to indi- 

 cate their positions. After the removal of crops 

 from an infested area, a heavy dressing of gas 

 lime, lightly forked in, will answer for any grubs 

 remaining. Infested lawns are improved by fre- 

 quent rolling with very heavy rollers, and by the 

 application of such surface dressings as will stimu- 

 late and assist growth. Light dressings of soot 

 and salt prove both beneficial to Brassica crops 

 and distasteful to the Crane Fly grubs. 



TIPULIDE.33. (LEATHER JACKET GRUBS.) 

 These two-winged flies (ord. Diptera) have long, 

 slender bodies, very long and ungainly legs, rather 

 narrow, much veined wings, small, round heals, 

 and long antenna;. Their larva; are very destruc- 

 tive to pastures and garden crops generally. The 

 name of Leather Jackets has been bestowed upon 

 these grubs, in allusion to their very leathery skin. 

 They are dirty grey in colour, cylindrical in shape, 

 and very sluggish in movement. The most com- 

 mon species is oleracea, popularly known as the 

 Crane Fly and Daddy Long Legs. The larva? of 

 this species are about 1" long, and they are often 

 present in great numbers, particularly in damp 

 soil. The pupa; are about the same size. 



Various remedies may be tried. Trapping by 

 means of slices of Potatoes or Turnips is efficacious. 

 Digging up the ground and encouraging starlings, 

 rooks, and domesticated fowls to clear out some of 

 the grubs is also excellent. Dressing with com- 

 mon salt, gas lime, and soaper's ashes is another 

 item, and the destruction of rubbish heaps where 

 the pests breed is likewise highly important. 

 Weedy plots in field and garden are a source of 

 considerable trouble ; the Crane Flies haunt them. 

 The remedy is obvious. 



TITHONIA. 



Stove annuals (ord. Composite). Propagation, 

 by seeds. Soil, rich, fibrous, sandy loam. 



Principal Species : 



speciosa, 4', Aug., yel. tagetiflora, 6' to 8', Aug., 

 (.tyH. Helianthus speci- yel. 



osus). tubieformis, 5', Jy. , yel. 



(.</ Hehanthus tubit- 

 formis). 



TOADSTOOLS. 



Popularly, all those Fungi that produce an um- 

 brella shaped growth above ground somewhat 

 like that of the edible Mushroom but which are 

 either unfit for food or distinctly poisonous, are 

 known as Toadstools. 



TOADS. 



The toad (Bufo vulgaris) has been unkindly 

 treated by popular report. The idea that it is 

 venomous, and to be destroyed on sight, is still 

 widespread. The truth is that it is not only a 

 harmless animal, but a great friend to the gardener 

 by reason of the quantities of slugs and insects 

 which it disposes of. Usually a night feeder, a 

 dull day will also find it active, and although it 

 appears to be very slow in its movements, the 

 lightning-like rapidity with which its tongue is 

 darted to and fro is sufficient to account for even 

 the most agile insects. It is a capital plan to 

 place a toad or two in Cucumber and Melon pits 

 and frames, and they should never be destroyed 

 in the garden. Toads may be distinguished from 

 frogs by the heavier body much darker colour, and 

 dull mottlings. 



TOBACCO. 



The species of Tobaccos most commonly used in 

 this country are Nicotiana Tabacum (ord. Solan- 

 acese), the ordinary Tobacco, and rustica, the 



Tithymatm (sec Etiplwrbia). 



TiUmannia (nf Ileickenbach, see Vandcllia). 



Toadflax (see Linaria). 



Toadflax, Try -leaved (nee Linaria Cymbalaria}. 



Tobacco, Mountain (Arniea montana). 



Tobacco, Itock (Primulina Tabacum). 



