Trollius 



( 408 



Truffles 



TROLLIUS. (GLOBE FLOWER.) 



Erect, hardy herbaceous perennials (ord. Ran- 

 unculaceae) of much value for borders, for moist, 

 shady positions, and for the bog garden. Propaga- 

 tion, by autumnal division and by seeds, which are 

 slow in germinating;. Soil, moist, heavy loam, 

 enriched with manure. 



Principal Species and Varieties : - 

 asiaticus, !}', My., dark napellif olius, and 



yel.; stems one-flowered; Orange Globe are vars. 



aurantiacus and For- Flore pleno is double. 



tunei are vars. Newry Giant is very 



europiEUS, 2', Je.; pale large. Boits, Common 



yel.; Albidus, dauricus, Globe Flower, Golden 



denyanus, giganteus, Ball, etc. 



Other Species : 

 acaul is, dwarf, Jy., golden dsclmugaricus, sum., yel., 



yel. reddish outside, 



altaicus, \\' , or., yel. japonicus, sum., yel. ; 



americauus, 1', My., ttore pleno is a double 



greenish yel. to wh. var. 



(./. laxus). . Ledebourii, 2', My., yel. 



caucasieus, sum., yel. 



TROP^EOLUM. (GOLDEN NASTURTIUM, 

 INDIAN CRESS, and YELLOW LARKSPUR.) 



Hardy, half-hardy, and greenhouse annual and 

 perennial climbing herbs (ord. Geraniacese), which 

 are great favourites in gardens. Propagation, the 

 annuals by seeds in heat in March or In the open 

 in May ; the perennials by seeds and by cuttings. 

 Speciosum by division of the creeping rhizomes. 

 Soil, light, sandy loam. They must always be 

 given abundance of light, particularly the green- 

 house species. The tuberous rooted species should 

 be dried off during the autumn and stored in a 

 frost-proof position during winter. 



Principal Species, Hybrids, and Varieties : 

 aduncum, hdy. ann. or see below. Great 



grh. per., Je., yel., Indian Cress or Jtas- 



f ringed (syns. canarieuse turtium. 



of gardens and peregri- minus, Je., hdy. ann., 



uum). Canary Bird deep yel. or red ; for 



Flower, and Canary vars. sec below. Small 



Creeper. Indian Cress, 



azureura, Oct., grh., peregrmum (nee adun- 



a/ure bl. , grn., wh. cum). 



claw. polyphyllum, prostrate, 



grandiflorum, larger. Je., hdy.' per., yel. ; 



of Hooker (see violte- likes a dry, sunny spot 

 florum). and no disturbance. 



canariense (sec aduncum). Yellow Rock Indian 



Jarrattii, Je., grh., calyx Cress. 



or. sc., petals yellowish speciosum, Je., hdy., sc. 



br. Does well in Scotland, 



Leichtlini, trailing, My., but not, as a rule, 



or. yel., red spots, use- in the south. Flame 



fill for rockery ; hybrid Flowered Nasturtium. 



(polyphyllum X edule). tricolorum, Je., hlf-hdy., 



lobbianum, Nov., grh., calyx or. sc., petals or.; 



or.; var. fimbriatum regeliaiium and 



has fringed petals. Schultzii are vars. 



majus, Je., hdy. ann., or., tuherosum, Sep., hlf-hdy., 



reddish br. ; for- vars. yellowish red ; roots 

 edible. 



Other Species and Varieties : 



chrysanthum, sum., grh., Sinithii (correctly adun- 



golden yel. cum var.). 



eclule, sum., hlf-hdy., or. umbellatum, Je., grh., or. 



grn. red. 



pontaphyllum, My., grh. violaeflorum, Oct., grh., 



or hlf-hdy., calyx (lull bl., claws wh., root 



pur., petals vermilion, tuberous (ftyn. azureum 



root tuberous (;/. of Jlotanical Magazine 



Chymocarpus peuta- 398.5). 



phyllus). 



Selection of Garden Varieties : - 



Dirarf ; 



atropurpureum nanum, grandiflorum plenissi- 



pur. (xtni- Tom Thumb). mum, dull yel., maroon 



atrosanguiueum, blood marks. 



red. King of Tom Thumbs, sc. 



Aurora, ro., fawn, or red. King Theodore, very dark 



cseruleum roseum, ro., sc. 



tinted hi. Ladybird, yel., veins 



Chameleou.primrose.crim. crim . 



marks. Liliput, various, good for 



Cloth of Gold, Ivs. yel. bedding. 



Crystal Palace Gem, sul- Pearl, wh. 



phur, maroon spots. Scarlet King, so., good for 



Empress of India, bright beds. 



crim. Terra cotta, buff, copper. 



Tall : 



Asa Gray, creamy yel. Crystal Palace Scarlet, 



Brilliant, bright sc., crim. very showy. 



centre. Firefly, deep or., blood 



canliuale, sc., small. red. 



Sunlight, yel. (see p. 409). 



TROWELS. 



Useful tools for transferring plants from pots to 

 beds, and for transplanting small plants generally. 

 They have a great advantage over the ordinary 

 dibber, as by their aid the roots may be spread 

 out to the best effect, and the holes may be made 

 as large as required. 



"TROXIMON. 



Dwarf, hardy annual or perennial herbs (ord. 

 Composite). Propagation, by seeds ; the peren- 

 nials by division. Soil, sandy loam. 



Principal Species and Variety : 

 glaucum, 1', My., per., ucre, woolly when 



bright yel. young (xt/. Ammoge- 



- dasycephalum, invol- turn scorzoneriEfoliura). 



TRUFFLES. 



These esteemed esculents are Fungi (ord. Tuber- 

 acese) usually living below the surface of the 

 soil, with no external signs to mark their presence 

 beyond their peculiar smell. Truffle hunters 

 employ specially trained dogs, and occasionally 

 the services of pigs are enlisted, the keen sense of 

 smell possessed by these animals pointing out the 

 place where the Truffles lie concealed. Tuber 

 Eestivum is the species usually to be seen in the 

 markets ; it is generally to be found growing in 

 the shade of Beech trees, but occasionally under 

 Chestnuts, Birches, Hazels, and Oaks. Macro- 

 sporium and brumale are to be gathered under 

 Oaks. The large White Truffle, Choiromyces albus, 

 is occasionally in the market, but it is not so good 

 as Tuber sestivum. 



In Britain the Truffles obtained are the natural 

 product of the soil, a chalky medium being usually 

 preferred. It has been noticed that plantations of 

 Beech trees on Salisbury Plain are commonly pro- 

 ductive of Truffles. In France areas of chalky 

 soils are enclosed, and sown with Acorns ; Truffles 

 make their appearance, and after about twelve 

 years the plantation becomes profitable, and con- 

 tinues to be more or less so for upwards of twenty 

 years. On the whole, however, the cultivation of 



Tromsdorffia (of lilmnc, see C/nrita). 

 Tromsdorffia (of R. Brawn, see Dif-hrotrichum). 

 Trot tiff (tit/mphytmn agprrrimum). 

 Triif Lore (Paris qwidrifolia). 

 Trumpet florver (see Jiifinonia). 

 Trumpet Weed (Eupatorium jntrpureiim). 



