Ventilation 



( 424 ) 



Verbena 



VENTILATION. 



Proper ventilation is one of the most important 

 factors in tlie cultivation of plants under glass, and 

 to secure it will well repay care and study. 

 Structures differ very much, and the amount of 

 ventilation required depends largely upon their 

 situation, and their condition as to the admission 

 of air at the various openings and between the laps 

 of the glass. Draughts must always be avoided, 

 and it is thus desirable that, wherever possible, 

 the building should have ventilation so provided 

 that the openings on the side away from strong 

 winds may be in Use, while those on which the 

 wind would impinge are closed. Ventilation 

 ought to be given before the houses become over- 

 heated, when the sudden admission of cold air 

 would be injurious. It is also desirable that the 

 ventilators should be so arranged that they 

 can be opened and closed easily and quickly, 

 or left open to any extent required. This can be 

 readily secured by the use of several of the 

 .appliances made for the purpose of working the 

 ventilators. Ventilation is one /of the most 

 effectual means of keeping down insect pests, and 

 due attention at the proper time will avoid much 

 future trouble. 



VENUS' FLY-TRAP (r 



MUSOIPULA). 



VERATRUM. (FALSE HELLEBORE.) 

 A genus of hardy perennial herbs (orrf. Liliacesc), 

 ornamental in spring because of their young 

 leaves, and decorative when in flower, though the 

 blooms are not showy. From album is produced 

 the Hellebore which is used to destroy caterpillars. 

 The plants are propagated by division or seeds, and 

 prefer a strong, rich soil. They are not very 

 striking when grown in poor dry soil. 



Principal Species and Varieties : 



album, 3' to4', Jy., wliit- nigrum, 3', sum., blackish 



ish, grn. pur. 



lobelianum, greenish. viricle, 3'- to 4', Jy., greeii- 



viride (see viride). ish (sijnu. album var. 

 Maackii, 2', sum., dark viride and Helouias 



pur. viridis). 



VERBASCUM. (MULLEIN.) 



An extensive genus of biennial or perennial 

 herbs or sub-shrubs (ord. Scrophularineai), of which 

 only a small number are ornamental enough to be 

 cultivated. Propagation, by seeds in the case of 

 -all the species ; the perennials, such as phoenicenm, 

 Chaixii, nigrurn, and cupreum, by division also, 

 and the sub-shrubs by Buttings. Any common soil 

 mill do. 



Principal Species, Hybrid, and Varieties : 



Chaixii, 3', sum., hdy. nigrum, 2' to 3', sum.. 



per.,yel. Nettle-leaved per., yel. Dark Mullein. 



Mullein. albuin, wh. 



craadfoUnm, 3', sum., olympicum, G', sum., hdy. 



Men., yel. wen., yel. 



cupreum, 3', sum... per., ph>iiiceum,3',sum.,per., 



copper yel., hybrid vio., red (si/it, ferrugin- 



(ovalifolium X phceni- eum of Andrews). 



ceum). vars. from wh. to pur. 



Venus' Hair (see Adiamttim Capilhis-Venerh). 

 Venus' Looking-glass (see Spemlarta Speculum). 

 Venus' Navel-mart, (gee Ompltalndes). 

 Venus' Petticoat (see UliodnelMon rolubile) 

 Venn' fiitmacfi (see Hints Cut inns) 

 Vepris (see Todda/ia). 



Other Species and Varieties : 



Blattaria, 9"to 4iS", sum., sub-shr., yel. (xi/ii. bi- 



bien., yel. Moth Mul- piimatitidum). 



leiii. pulvprulentum, 3' to "', 



Boerhavii, 2', sum., ami. sum., bien., yel. (aim. 



or bien., yel. rloccosum') . 



ferrugiueum (see ph>ni- pynimidatuni, .'!' to (V , 



ceum). sum., bien.. yel. 



rloccosum (KCC pulveru- rubigiuosum, 2', sum., 



leutum). Lien., yel,, red. 



lougifoliuin, 4', Jy., bien., tauricum, larger. 



j'el. speciosum,6', sum., bieu.. 



panuosum, 4', Jy., yel., yel. 



Ivs. tomentose (XIIH- spectiihile, 2', sum., bicii., 



V. pannosum). yel., pur. 



ovalifolium, 1', sum., Thapsus, 2' to G', sum., 



bien., or. bien., yel. Aaron's Rod, 



panuosum (are longifolium Cow's Luugwort. Hag 



var.). or Hig Taper, Jacob's 



phlomoides, 3', sum.. Staff, etc. 



bien., yel. Woolly wirdemaniiianum, 1' to 



Mullein. 3', sum., bieu., hi. to 



piiiimtifidum, 1', sum.. HI. 



VERBENA. (VERVAIN) 



Description. A large genus of greenhouse or 

 hardy herbs and sub-shrubs of annual or perennial 

 habit (ord. Yerbenacese), of which comparatively 

 few species are in cultivation, on account of the 

 greater favour shown to the garden varieties. 

 Yenosa is almost hardy, and can be grown with 

 little protection. Officinalis was formerly used for 

 medicinal purposes. 



Propagation. By seeds, sown in spring in heat, 

 or by cuttings of the young growths ; the hardy 

 piTrnniaU also by division. 



Soil. Rich loam, well manured. 



Principal Species and 



[NOTE. All arc peren 

 wise stated.] 

 Auhletia, 6" to 1'2", sum., 



hdy. Men., reddish pur., 



lil. Rose Vervain. 

 Lambertii,lvs. narrower. 

 rosea, paler. 

 rhaiiiii'drifolia. sum., hlf- 



hdy. creeping sub-shr., 



sc. (fttni. melissoides) . 

 - Meliudres, Ivs. less 



hairy, sc. (/. Meliii- 



dres). 

 officiualis, 1' to 2', sum., 



hdy., lil. (.;/. sororia). 



Varieties : 



nial except where oilier- 

 Common Vervain, Sim- 

 pler'* Joy, Holy Herd, 

 etc. 



stricta, 1' to 2', sum., 

 hdy., hi. 



sulphuroa, 2', sum., prli. 

 sub-shr., sulphur yel. 



teucrioides, '!' , sum., grh. 

 sub-shr., pk. or wh. 



triphylla (now Lippia 

 citriodora) . 



veno=a, '2', sum., lilf-lulv., 

 lil. or hi. 



Other Species and Varieties : 



alata, 4', sum., hlf-hdy., the lower Ivs. three 



ro. lobed. 



amoena, 1', sum., hlf- mutabilis (now Stachy- 



hdy., pur. tarpheta mutabilis). 



bracteata, sum. ,hdy. aim., phlogiflora, 11', sum.. 



decumbent, pur., bl. grh. sub-shr., pur. , lil., 



elegans, sum., hdy. aim., red, or bl. 



procumbent, hi. - vulgaris, decumbent 



ermoides,sum.,hdy. aim., (.?/. tweediana). 



decumbent, reddish radicans, sum., grh. sub- 



vio. (syn. multiflda). shr., proonmbent, lil. 



contracta, (si/us, multi- tenera, sum., grh. sub- 

 f.da contracta and erin- shr., vio. (ttitn. pul- 

 oides Sabini). chella). 



hastata, 3' to fi', sum., Mahonetti,reddishvio., 



hdy. per., bl. Wild margined wh. 



Hyssop, Blue Vervain, trifida, 3', sum., grh. shr. 



Simpler's Joy. xutha, 2' to 3', sum., hlf- 



paniculata, none of hdy., pur. or bl. 



The hybrid Verbenas are very attractive and 

 useful, either for bedding or for growing in pots. 



Named varieties are not now much cultivated, as 



