Woodsia 



Wulfenia 



are ont of harm's way. Old manure beds have 

 great attractions for woodlice, and they also 

 frequent decaying wood, bark, and rubbish heaps : 

 in short, wherever decaying vegetation is found in 

 the garden or greenhouse, provided it is not too 

 wet. there the woodlice congregate in fulfilment 

 of their mission. Hence, cleanliness is by far the 

 be.-t remedy, and should be especially enforced in 

 Orchid houses, Cucumber and Melon pits, forcing 

 pits, and wherever there are succulent fruits, 

 vegetables, or flower spikes that might attract 

 them. A dirty board laid beneath the hot-water 

 pipes will soon be used as a shelter by woodlice, 

 and form a trap, as also will a few dirty pots, 

 especially if partly filled with dry but dirty moss. 

 (ias lime ami boiling water are remedies wherever 

 it is possible to use them without injury to plants, 



WOODSIA. 



Hardy or cool greenhouse Ferns (ord, Filices), 

 that, thrive admirably in the rockery or Fern 

 garden. Propagation, by spores and division. 

 They are hardy except where otherwise stated. 



Principal Species : 



ilvensis, 1". 



obtusu. (i" to r>", grh. 



oreganu, 6". 

 polystichoides, 9", giu. ; 



several vmx 

 scopulina,, 8", 



WOODWARDIA. 



Strong-growing Ferns that succeed in a cool 

 greenhouse, and will thrive out of doors in sheltered 

 positions in the southern counties. They are of 

 great beauty, and as the fronds are fairly tough, 

 their effect is not easily spoiled. Kadicans makes 

 a grand basket Fern for a conservatory or winter 

 garden, but it needs a large receptacle ; while areo- 

 lata is a line species for planting near water in 

 similar structures. Propagation is by spores, divi- 

 sion, and the removal of the plantlets that form 

 on tlie fronds of some species. Soil, good fibrous 

 loam and peat in equal parts, with sand. 



Principal Species and Variety : 

 areolatu, !)" to 18", fertile orientulis, 3' to 10', erect, 



fronds rirh br. (*yit. proliferous. 



angustifoliii). radioaiis, 3" to 10", arch- 



Harlaiidii, 9" to 20". ing, proliferous. 



japonicu, 1J' to -2',', fronds Brownii, all the pimiie 



very broad in proper- crcsted(y. r. cristata). 



tion to their length. virgim'ca, 1!' to :i', jiin- 



me deeply lobed. 



WORMIA (*<jii. LKXIDIA). 



Stove evergreen trees (ord. Dilleniaceii. 1 ). Prop- 

 agation, by cuttings of half-ripened shoots in a 

 close case. Soil, fibrous loam two parts, peat one 

 part, and sand. 



Principal Species : 



Burbidgei, 10', Jy., golden triquctni, '20'. My., wh. 

 yel. (>'.'/" dentata). 



'WORMS. 



The earthworms, all of which belong to the 

 genus Lumbricus, have a great part to play in 



" inn! -\ut tare Curt/Ins and A'uts"). 

 Jf~inid La iirt'l (HIT Itnphnr l.n m-rnln . 

 Woodruff or \\'oniirnirrl (SIT Asjwriila). 

 H'ninl fvirrrl (nee Ofulis .Intnsi-lla). 

 It nod Tii/itftir l-'i'Tn (xi'f JDrymoglo3stt8i\ t 



ll'linil V'nili-l f,T I inlil si/I rill ii-ll). 

 ' Xii/lilsliillli 1 ('.vr Stilifiiiun J >u It'll mam}. 



nll/'ii (HIT Vvrbatevin). 

 illi/ slph'ts (HIT .Imi-rii-iiii Hti</hf). 

 59 



fields and gardens. In some respects they are 

 beneficial, and in others they are distinctly 

 injurious. Taking the former side of their mission 

 first, it is manifest that boring in the soil as they 

 do they must assist in its aeration to a considerable 

 degree. Moreover, they feed on decaying vegetable 

 matter, and with it they take in a great deal of 

 earth, which they get rid of at the surface in the 

 form of " castings."' In this way they set up a 

 constant interchange between the various strata 

 of soils ; in fact, estimates have been made of the 

 number of years which it takes for the whole of 

 the soil to pass through them. 



With regard to the objectionable side, there is 

 no doubt that worms, especially the large lob- 

 worms, do damage to young and tender seedlings, 

 either by feeding upon them or disturbing the 

 young roots by their burrows. On lawns, too, the 

 castings are a great nuisance if they are present 

 in any quantity. Before setting the mowing 

 machine to work a stiff broom should be passed 

 over the lawn to break up and distribute these 

 casts, or clogging of the machine will result. 

 A dry day should be chosen. To get rid of worms 

 from a lawn, apply clear lime water in the 

 evening, and pick up the stupefied worms in the 

 morning. Starlings, hedgehogs, and shrew mice 

 all prey upon worms. 



Pot plants are sometimes troubled with worms, 

 and if the latter are not soon got rid of, the health 

 of the plants is seriously endangered. As a rule, the 

 worms get in when, as in the case of Chrysanthe- 

 mums, the pots are stood upon the ground. Instead 

 of this the plants should be placed upon a layer of 

 sharp ashes, or upon boards, slates, or tiles. Worm 

 excluders are sometimes used, but they have not 

 come greatly into favour. As with the lawn, 

 watering with clear lime water is the remedy. 



WORMWOOD. 



This hardy perennial (Artemisia Absinthium, iml. 

 Composite) is sometimes grown for the medicinal 

 value of its leaves and young shoots, which have 

 very bitter properties. Propagation is by seeds, 

 cuttings, and root division, the last-named being 

 conducted in spring. Almost any garden soil will 

 suit, provided it is well drained. The situation 

 should be dry and, if possible, sheltered. (For 

 further particulars, sec ARTEMISIA.) 



WRIGHTIA. (PAI.AY or IVORY TREK.) 



Stove trees or shrubs (ord. Apocynaceaj). Prop- 

 agation, by cuttings in a close case. Soil, fibrous 

 loam two parts, peat one part, and sand. 



Principal Species : 

 cocciuea, 20', Jy., dnrk dubia, Jc., or. red. 



red (*// narfum w- jmbescens, Moll., wh. 



cineum). tinctoria, sum., wh. I'ala 



Indigo Plant. 



WULFENIA. 



Hardy perennial herbs (nrtl. Scrophularinea'). 

 Propagation, by seeds ami division. Soil, light 

 loam two parts, and leaf mould one part, in a moist 

 but well drained position in the rockery or border. 

 Some protection is needed to prevent rotting in 

 the winter. 



Principal Species : 

 amliiTstiaiia, .">" to 10", carinthiaca, 1' to '!' , Jy., 



Jy., hi. lil. 



H'lirmirmiil (HIT Arti'uiisin'.. 



ll'iiiinilirurl (Aiitliiilli.i l'i//iii rnrin}. 



II fi-ntlii'irvrt. Purple v v t>r,-li .< nn/xrii/ii). 



