NATURAL HISTORl. 



more remarkable than the last, for the male is of a rich brown colour, with a large white spot on 

 each wing, shading into blue at the edges, while the female is scarcely to be distinguished from 

 D. chryslppus at first sight, except that there is only one black spot instead of four on the hind 

 wings. There is a species of Danais closely allied to D. chrysippus, in which the white transverse 

 band at the tip of the fore wings is wanting (D. dorippus), and there is a variety of the female of 

 H. misippus corresponding to it (H. inaria), in which the white band is also wanting. (4) Euphcedra 

 eleus. Most of the species of this genus are green and black, but E. eleus is rich tawny, with black 

 borders spotted with white, and a white bar across the tip of the fore wings. (5) Papilio merope. 

 This Butterfly, which is a creamy-white Swallow-tail with black borders, is common in Africa, and the 

 form found in Madagascar (P. meriones) has a female similar to the male, but no female resembling 



the male has ever been 

 found on the continent 

 of Africa, where the 

 females are tailless 

 Butterflies, resembling 

 several different species 

 of African Danaince, 

 and one of these (P. 

 dionysus) has a close 

 resemblance to D. chry- 

 sippus. (6) Caryatis 

 phileta. This insect, a 

 Moth allied to the 

 Lithosiidce, likewise re- 

 produces the colours of 

 D. chrysippus, being of 

 a rich tawny, with 

 black borders spotted 

 with white. 



.In addition to the 

 scent-glands at the ex- 

 tremity of the abdomen, 

 the males of most species 

 of Danais and Euplcea 

 possess a patch of raised 

 scales on the hind wings, 



ETJI-LCEA MIDAMUS: A, MALE J B, FEMALE. which is likewise a 



scent-producing organ. 



The genus Euplcea is confined to the tropics of the Old World. The species are generally of 

 a rich dark brown, with bluish-white spots near the borders of the wings and in the middle of the 

 hind wings beneath, and are often splendidly glossed with purple. The wings are longer and 

 narrower than in Danais. 



With the exception of Danais, all the South American Butterflies now included in the 

 Danainas were formerly classed with the Heliconince, on account of their superficial resemblance to 

 the genus Heliconius. They are insects with very long and slender bodies, and very long and 

 narrow wings, and have sometimes been compared to Dragon-flies. The greater number of these 

 Butterflies belong to the genus Ithomia, and a large proportion are more or less transparent, 

 except on the borders of the wings. Some of these are mimicked by Pierince. 



The second sub-family of the Nymphalidce, the Satyrince, contains at least 1,000 species, 

 but most of these are small or middle-sized Butterflies, of sombre colours. The great majority 

 are marked with eye-like spots on the under surface of the wings, and sometimes on the upper 

 surface also. Nearly one-third of the European Butterflies belong to this sub-family, but they are 

 by no means so well represented in other parts of the world. Their caterpillars are generally green, 



