ANATOMY OF LOBSTER. 



aiitennules, they consist of a stout basal portion, to the side of which a large scale (the exopodite) is 

 articulated, and from its extremity the long single many -jointed lash of the antenna takes its rise. 

 A.t the base of each antenna is a green gland, which, according to Spence Bate, serves as an olfactory 

 organ for conveying a sense of smell 

 to the Lobster's nerves. The next 

 six pairs of organs, which follow in 

 succession after the eyes and an- 

 tennae, are all specially modified to 

 serve the important business of 

 nutrition, and generally to attend 

 upon the mouth, that is, to hold, to 

 cut, or to bite the food brought to it 

 by the great claws. The first or 

 innermost pair (called mandibles) is 

 very strong, and toothed at the edge, 

 and has a small palp or feeler (j)) 

 articulated to its upper border 

 (Fig. 2, F) ; the edge forms a power- 

 ful crushing jaw, like a modified 

 tooth. The next (Fig. 2, G) are 

 called the first maxillw. These are 

 small and delicate organs fringed 

 with hairs, and no doubt serve like- 

 wise as organs of touch, as do also, 

 most probably, the second maxillae 

 (Fig. 2, H). This second pair have 

 a large spoon-shaped " epipodite," or 

 upper footlet, attached to the base 

 (which serves a special office in con- 

 nection with the gills), and is termed 

 the " scaphognathite," or boat-like 

 jaw. 



The pair which follow (Fig. 2, 

 i), named the first maxillipedes, or 

 "jaw-feet," complete the jointed 

 organs belonging to the head. They 

 differ but little from the first pair of 

 maxillce (G), save that they bear a 

 long and slender epipodite, or upper 

 footlet, attached to the basal joint, 

 the function of which (like that of 

 the scaphognathite attached to H) 

 is connected with the branchice, or 

 gills, to be presently described. 

 Here the seven thoracic appendages 

 commence, and it may be noticed 

 in the two succeeding pairs of 

 jointed organs although called "the second and third maxillipedes," or jaw-feet that (Fig. 2, 

 J, K) the inner footlet (en) attains considerable size, and, like that of the five following pairs 

 of limbs, consists of seven joints. The third joint of the outer pair of maxillipedes (K) has a hard and 

 sharply-toothed edge, and can be used either to cut its food or to hold it as in a vice. Both pairs of 



* The labnun and the metastoma are not considered by carcinologists as paired appendages, but as parts of the 

 mouth : they do not therefore represent body -rings. 



Fig. 2. APPENDAGES OF THE HEAD AND THORAX OP A 

 LOBSTER. 



I. HKAD. 1. A The compound eyes fixed on their eye-stalks or protopodites (pp). [u. The 

 lubrum, or upper lip, placed in front of the mouth.* j. The meta&toma, or lo'.ver lip, placed 

 just behind the mouth.*] 2 i>. One of the organs of touch : the anUnnulef, or inner pair of 

 anteunse; i, the seat of the auditory nerve. 3. E. One of the great outer pair of antenna, or 

 feelers. 4. jr. One of the mandibles, or crushing jaws: en, the endopodite ; p, the point of 

 attachment of the muscles of the jaw. 5. o. One of the Urst pair of maxillre, or inner jaws. 

 6. H. One of the second or outer pair of maxillce: sc, the part named the tcai/lwgnathite, or 

 bortMike jaw. 7. i. One of the first pair of maxillipedes, or inner jaw-feet ; ex, the exopodite ; 

 en, the endopodite ; ep, the epipodite. 



II. THOHAX. 1. J. One of the second pair of niaxlllipcdes, bearing a small gill or branchla 

 on its basal joint. 2. K. One of the third orouter pair of jaw feet. This pair of appendages 

 also bears eacli a pill orbranchia attached to the basal joint or protopodite. [3. The next paired, 

 appendages which follow are the great chelate claws, or pincers, which are so largely- 

 developed in Lobsters. These are not drawn.] L. One of the second pair of thoracic legs; 

 ep, epipodire : g, u-ills or branchiae; in, endopodite; p, the protopodite or first foot joint. 

 M. One of the last pair of ihoracic legs ; p, position of the opening of the vas deferent in the 

 male. 



