304 NATURAL HISTORY. 



nor pores on the outside. A small green species, banded with yellow, is found on the British 

 coasts, and its tentacles are banded with white and green. The warts are arranged in vertical 

 series.* The Gem Anemone f of England has small warts in close longitudinal series, and the 

 tentacles, which are slender, are ringed with white and green tints. The Daisy Anemonej can 

 elongate its body considerably, and has a delicate integument of a pale grey yellow, and the warts 

 are restricted to close to the upper part. The disc can alter its shape considerably in a wave-like 

 manner, and the tentacles are very numerous, delicate, smallest externally, and they are ringed with 

 grey and white tints. Another species, Cereus venusta (Actinia venusta, Gosse), has a brownish orange- 

 coloured body, very numerous tentacles, and it emits an abundance of filaments with nematocysts, 

 when it is irritated. 



Several other species are found in the English Channel, and the genus frequents nearly all 

 the shores of the great oceans. 



The genus Phymactis differs from Cereus in having chromatophores around the disc, and 

 the species are from Peru, the Cape, St. Helena, Brazil, and Australia. Cystiactis has large 

 prominent tubercles on the body, and has a South American distribution. An Anemone which 

 usually selects an empty whelk-shell to fix its base upon, has a leathery consistence of body and short 

 tentacles ; the tints are greyish-yellow, banded with red-brown, and the tentacles are banded with 

 the same colours. It has pores situated near the disc. It is Adamsia efoeta. Another species 

 inhabits the surface of shells in which the Soldier Crabs reside, and its very flexible body 

 has the disc bordered with a rosy orange tint. 



All the remaining genera of Actininse have a very small base and an elongate body. 



The species of Iluanthos, known in the Scottish 

 and English seas, differ : in the one the body is 

 elongated and pointed at the base, and the filiform 

 green tentacles are in one row ; || and in the other 

 the body is squat, with a small base, and the 

 tentacles are thick. ^[ These Anemones are deeply 

 fixed in sand and mud. The Edwardsias have the 

 body attenuated at the base, but there is a dense 

 dermal structure, more or less opaque, into which 

 the animal can withdraw its two ends. In the 

 genus Peachia the body is long, and there is a 



EDWAKJJSIA cALLi>,oKi-iiA. central orifice in the slender base. The tentacles are 



in one row, and the mouth has a papilliferous and 



protractile lip. Peachia hastata lives in the sand, with the calice just visible, in the English Channel. 

 It appears that the young form of one of the Edwardsia?, has eight tentacles, and only two mesenteries. 

 The sub-family Phyllactinse contains Anemones which have some of the tentacles branching, or 

 compound in their structure. In the genus Phyllactis the simple tentacles form an inner row, and the 

 compound leathery ones, an outer crown. The Thalassianthinse have all the tentacles ramose or 

 papillate. Finally, the Zoanthina? are aggregated polypes, which increase by budding at the base, and 

 they have a coriaceous false skin, in which the secretions are mixed with concretions of sand and shells. 



* Cereus ckrysoplenium (Johnston). f Cereus (Bunodes) ffemmaceus (Gosse). I Cereus bell is. 



Adamsia palliata. 



Some of the Actininoe, such as the genera Actinia and Cereus, have the ova and spermatozoa developed in the same 

 animal, and other genera are unisexual. The ova undergo their early changes in the parent, and a ciliated planula is set free. 

 An oval depression appears at one end of it, which becomes the mouth and gastric sac. There is a tuft of cilia at the base end, 

 and the planula swims with it forwards. Then the mouth elongates in one direction, and two mesenteries are formed out of 

 the mesoderm, so that the planula is bilaterally symmetrical, and has an internal cylindrical canal communicating with a 

 bilobed perigastric cavity, which separates it from the body-wall. Another pair of mesenteries make their appearance in one 

 of the spaces between the two mesenteries, and thus four mesenteries and four inter -mesenteric spaces are formed. Then 

 a pair of mesenteries appear in the other space, so that altogether there are six. Then two more are added, and there are 

 eight mesenteries and chambers. Subsequently a fifth and sixth pair are developed, and twelve mesenteries result. Seven 

 of them have come from the division of the first primary, and five from the second primary chambers. These researches by 

 Lacaze-Duthiers connect these presumedly radiate animals with those having a bilateral symmetry, and group together th& 

 Anthozoa with four, six, and eight tentacles or their multiples. 



|| Iluanthos scoticus. ^ Iluanthos mitrhc!!i. 



