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ORDER CETACEA. WHALES. 



Whales Vulgar Notions Characteristics External and Internal Larynx Tail Skeleton Classification -THE TOOTHED 

 WHALES ZEUGLODONS SQUALODONS PHOCODONS RIVER DOLPHINS Susu, OK GANGETIC DOLPHIN Description 

 Habits Teeth INIA PONTOPORIA ZIPHIOID WHALES CUVIER'S WHALE VAN BENEDEN'S WHALE SOWERBY'S 

 WHALE NEW ZEALAND BERARDIUS BOTTLEHEAD, OR COMMON BEAKED WHALE SPERM WHALES, OR CACHALOTS 

 SPERM WHALE Description Range Fishery Incidents of the Chase Habits Harpooned Treatment of the 

 Carcass SHORT-HEADED WHALE, OR SNUB-NOSED CACHALOT DOLPHINS CAAING, OR PILOT WHALE Risso's 

 GRAMPDS COMMON PORPOISE KILLER WHALE, OR ORCA Ferocity TRUE DOLPHINS COMMON DOLPHIN BOTTLE- 

 NOSE DOLPHIN WHITE WHALE NARWHAL THE WHALEBONE WHALES Whalebone GREENLAND, OR RIGHT 

 WHALE BISCAY WHALE JAPAN WHALE CAPE WHALE SOUTH PACIFIC WHALE Description of the Greenland 

 Whale Their Food and Mode of Feeding Habits Hunting Treatment of Carcass HUMP-BACKED WHALES 

 FIN WHALES, OR RORQUALS SIBBALD'S RORQUAL SULPHUR-BOTTOM WHALE COMMON RORQUAL, OR RAZOR-BACK- 

 LESSER RORQUAL Concluding Remarks. 



THE Whales form one of the most extraordinary groups of the Mammalia, for they are warm-blooded, 

 air-breathers, and sucklers of their young, and are most strangely adapted for life in a watery element. 

 Oddly enough the term " Fish " is still applied to them by the whalers, though they have nothing in 



common with these creatures save a certain similitude in shape. 

 The vulgar notion of a Whale is an enormous creature with an 

 extremely capacious mouth, but the fact is that many of the 

 Cetacea are of relatively moderate dimensions, though doubtless, 

 on the other hand, the magnitude of some is perfectly amazing. 

 Thus, in size they are variable as a group, a range of from five 

 or six feet (equal to the stature of man) to seventy or eighty 

 feet giving sufficiently wide limits. With certain exceptions, 

 notwithstanding length, an average-sized Whale by no means 

 conveys to the eye the same idea of vastness, say for instance, 

 as does an Elephant. The reason is that most Cetaceans are of 

 a club shape, the compact cylindrical body and long narrow 

 tapering tail reducing the idea of size. The head is in such 

 continuity with the body that of neck there seems nothing. In 

 some there are upright fleshy back fins ; in others these are 

 wanting. The gristly caudal fin is horizontal and not upright or 

 rayed like a fish's. The body is smooth and devoid of hair. 

 The eye is remarkably small and without eyelashes, and the ear 

 orifice is so diminutive as to seem deficient. The head is either 

 rounded, massive, or has a long snout. There are no hind limbs, 

 and only in the enormous Whalebone Whales have the 

 rudiments of any been found. Small pelvic bones, how- 

 ever, are present, embedded in the flesh at the setting- 

 on of the tail. The fore-limbs, which are ordinarily 

 termed flippers, have the usual bones extremely 

 broadened and flattened ; the free part equivalent to 

 the hand being encased in a rigid or stiff nailless 

 membrane ; and in a few instances the phalanges are 

 exceedingly numerous, producing a long-fingered pecu- 

 liarity met with in no other Mammal. The two 

 mammae adjoin the pelvic bones, the nipples being sunk 

 in slits. In one section only, the Mysticete, is the 

 mouth very large. In them great plates of the so-called 

 whalebone, a homy substance, occupy the place of teeth. 

 In another section, the Denticete, with moderate-sized 

 mouth, teeth are present in few or greater numbers. 

 These are implanted in simple sockets without successors 

 i.e., there is no milk and adult dentition as in the foregoing orders. 



STOMACH OF PILOT WHALE. (After Mu 



ce, oesophagus, or gullet; 6, bile duct ; i, intestine ; 

 l,l*,2, (,4, represent the various chambers, the arrows 

 denoting the direction food takes in passing onwards. 



VPPER SURFACE OF THE BRAIN OF THE PORPOISE. 



(After Leuret and Gratiolet.) 



The tongue cannot be thrust 



