ANATOMY OF THE RHINOCEROS. 



323 



horn, but they are deceived by imitation of Isidorus and Albertus, for there is none of the 

 ancient Graecians that have ever observed any medicines in the Rhinoceros. The Indians made 

 bottles of their skins, wherein they put their lycion, or succum medicatum." 



The first .Rhinoceros brought alive to England was in 1685, and another was shown through- 

 out a great part of Europe in 1739, and another in 1741. Parsons* described and figured the 

 Rhinoceros of 1739, and refers to that of 1741, which Cuvier says he believes to be the same 

 animal afterwards shown in Paris in 1749, painted by Oudry, and afterwards engraved by Edwards 

 and figured by Albinus. It was the one described by Daubenton, as well as by Meckel. The one 

 of which Cuvier gives the osteology was the fifth brought to Europe. It arrived at Versailles in 

 1771, and died in 1793, at the age of about twenty-six years. Another Rhinoceros arrived from the 

 East Indies in 1790, as a present to Mr. Dundas. This was afterwards purchased for 700, and 

 exhibited at Exeter 'Change and also about England generally. Another animal, which was 



SKELETON OF THE RHINOCEROS. 



destined for the menagerie of the Emperor of Germany, arrived from India in 1800, but died in 

 London soon after its arrival. It was dissected by Mr. Thomas, and his observations thereon were 

 published in the " Philosophical Transactions." Shortly afterwards an eighth arrived, which subse- 

 quently went to Germany. Since this it has become common in the Zoological Gardens in various 

 parts of Europe, and, in 1878, the genus was represented in the Regent's Park by no less than five 

 different species and varieties. 



The skeleton of the Rhinoceros, viewed generally, has a resemblance to that of the little Hyrax, 

 the Tapir, and the Horse. The skull is much elevated at the base, being somewhat of a pyramidal 

 form, and the nasal bones curve upwards and downwards, and are of such a size and thickness, in 

 order to support one or more immense horns, that they are quite unparalleled for their development 

 in any other existing quadruped. The nasal bones, together with the pre-maxillary and maxillary 

 bones, form the general contour for the external apertures of the nostrils. This is peculiar, and 

 found in no other animal, with the exception of the Tapir. 



The Rhinoceros has no canine teeth ; the incisor teeth vary, not only in regard to their form and 

 proportions, but also their existence ; and in the varieties of these teeth we may discern the same 

 inverse relation to the development of the horns which is manifested by the canines of the Ruminants. 

 Thus, the two-horned Rhinoceroses of Africa, which are remarkable for the great length of one or both 

 of the nasal weapons, have no incisors in their adult dentition ; neither had the great extinct hairy 



* Philosophical Transactions, xlii. 



