PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 43 



travelled from 1802 to 1806 in what are now the Gulf States, 

 wrote a botanical appendix to his Travels, published in 1807, on 

 which Rafinesque founded his " Florula Ludoviciana " (New 

 York, 1817). 



Thaddeus Haenke [b. 1761, d. in Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1817] 

 visited Western North America with the Spaniards late in the 

 last century, and made large collections of plants, which were 

 sent to the National Museum of Bohemia, at Prague, and in 

 part described in Presl's " Reliquiae Haenkianae," 72 plates. 



Archibald Menzies [b. 1754, d. 1842], an English naval sur- 

 geon,' also collected on our Pacific coast, under Vancouver, in 

 1780-95, and his plants found their way to Edinburgh and Kew. 



Captain Wangenheim, Surgeon Schoepf, of the Hessian 

 contingent of the British army, Olaf Swartz, a Swedish botan- 

 ical explorer, and others, also gathered plants in these early days, 

 and, in some instances, published in Europe their botanical 

 observations. 



Other collectors of this same class were L. A. G. Bosc [i759~ 

 1828], who made botanical researches in the Carolinas during 

 the last two years of the century, and returned to France in 1800 

 with a herbarium of 1,600 species. He also collected fishes, 

 and his name is perpetuated in connection with at least two 

 well-known American fauna. Another was M. Milbert, who 

 collected for Cuvier in New York, Canada, the Great Lake 

 region, and the Mississippi Valley from 1817 to 1823. 



The Baron Palisot de Beauvois [b. 1755, d. 1820] came from 

 Santo Domingo to America in 1791. He travelled extensively, 

 and being a zoologist as well as a botanist, made observations 

 upon our native animals, particularly the reptiles. 



It is to him that we owe the most carefully recorded of 

 existing observations of young rattlesnakes crawling down their 

 parent snakes' throats for protection from enemies. 



Most of these men did not contribute largely to the advance- 



