152 THE PROBLEM OF EVOLUTION 



Von Hansemann has completely overlooked 

 the fact that pathology is the science which 

 deals with man as diseased, not with man 

 as healthy, and even at the present day the 

 healthy must be regarded as the normal con- 

 dition for man. 



The speaker next brought forward an argument 

 against his own statements. ' In apparent absence 

 of purpose or inexpediency, there is concealed real 

 purpose or expediency, inasmuch as it renders 

 possible a selection from among the various 

 individuals. Selection, however, is a " makeshift 

 on the part of nature," and affords no evidence of 

 design in nature. Nature somehow attains her end, 

 but she is not acting with design.' 



We are impelled to ask the speaker, how 

 it is then possible for nature with no design 

 to exist at all. If there were no forms conform- 

 ing with that design, what would selection 

 find to select ? This shows plainly what I 

 pointed out before with reference to Plate, 

 that design is the necessary condition which 

 renders selection possible. Selection is only a 

 subordinate factor, which presupposes and 

 supplements the design immanent in organisms. 



Von Hansemann then passes on to the rudi- 

 mentary organs in man. He thinks they may be 



