DISCUSSION 171 



action by any disease affecting the body, is 

 self-evident and did not require such a long 

 proof. 



But according to Christian psychology, 

 which Juliusburger was trying to disprove, 

 the human soul is not purely spiritual, but is 

 a spirit united with a human body so as to form 

 one complete whole. The soul animates the 

 body and is its essential form. Body and soul 

 are but one principle of activity in the acts of 

 perception, imagination, and sensation. If 

 therefore the brain is diseased, the activities 

 of the soul are affected the lower ones directly, 

 the higher ones indirectly, for the former are 

 the necessary previous conditions of the latter. 



My remarks up to this point ought to suffice 

 to answer Juliusburger 's arguments against 

 the existence of a simple soul in man. The 

 following two comments are of no importance 

 as tending to establish his views. 



7. ' The relations between bodily and mental life 

 are intelligible only in one of two ways. Either 

 we must accept Forel's theory of identity, that what, 

 externally (!) regarded, appears as brain, is experi- 

 enced internally and constitutes the activity of 

 the soul and vice versa what is effected by the 

 activity of the soul, appears externally as brain. 

 Or we must put ourselves at the point of view of 

 the monistic transformism 9 and regard our mental 



