DISCUSSION 199 



supernatural order to those of His creatures 

 who are endowed with reason, and He has 

 done this through the Christian revelation. 

 Miracles occur only to further the aims of this 

 supernatural order. 



(b) Deism denies altogether the existence of 

 the supernatural order, and recognises only 

 the natural order, without regarding the con- 

 servatio and the concursus divinus as necessary. 

 Deism has nothing in common with Theism 

 except the fact, that both regard God as 

 essentially different from the world. 



(c) Pantheism denies the essential differ- 

 ence between God and the world, and asserts 

 their substantial identity. It borrows from 

 theism the ideas of the universal presence of 

 God and of His co-operation in the actions of 

 all creatures. There are many varieties of 

 pantheism. At one moment it regards God as 

 of primary importance, and the universe as 

 secondary manifestations of Him ; at another 

 moment pantheism becomes mere naturalism, 

 ascribing reality only to the universe, but 

 keeping the conception of God as a kind of 

 synonym for ' universal nature,' in order to 

 conceal the atheism which really underlies it. 

 This last is the pantheistic conception of the 

 universe which Haeckel upholds. 



Having thus explained these distinctions 

 to Dr. Schmidt-Jena, I should like to ask him, 



