116 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 



MALAY PENINSULA (Continued) 



Some of the alluvial tin ore contains metallic copper in fine sharp crystals. 



Small seams of lignite standing vertically, occur in the tin gravels. Leaching of 

 the underlying limestone has let the gravels down until they are, in places, on edge, 

 and have been covered over by horizontal beds. 



726b. . The origin of tin deposits. 



1909, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 11. 



Also, Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 85, 1909; London, pp. 307, 340. 



Reviews the commonly accepted theories concerning the deposition of tin minerals. 

 He doubts the analysis of Meunier showing tin oxide in siliceous sinter from Ayer 

 Panas (see No. 705), and states that his examination of deer-horns similar to those 

 supposed by J. H. Collins to have been partly replaced by SnOo, showed no tin. 



Numerous tin deposits of the Malay Peninsula are in limestone or clay-slate, but 

 granite is supposed to be close at hand in each place. At Bundi, in Kemaman, a tin 

 deposit in which the SnC>2 is in small yellow needles, carries no tourmaline, but 

 there is some axinite. 



Most of the deposits are veins, large or small, but there are a few tin-bearing 

 pegmatites in the Malay Peninsula. 



Shows that in many places in the Malay Peninsula, especially in the limestone 

 region, there is very little tourmaline, but generally much fluorspar with the tin 

 deposits. He believes fluorine to be more important than boron in the genesis of tin 

 minerals. There is also much arsenopyrite in the limestone, more than when the 

 deposits are in granite. 



727. SLACK, W. E. Malay tin mines. Handbook giving particulars of mining 



companies working in the Malay Federated States. 



1907 (?), London. 



Not available to the authors. 



728. STEPHENS, F. J. Mineral features of Pahang, Malay Peninsula. 



Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 9, 1900-1901, London, pp. 419-424. 



Describes the physical conditions under which mining must be carried on, trans- 

 portation facilities and economic details; the geology of the country; the vein 

 systems; the workings of individual companies; tin and gold ores, and their richness. 



729. STOKES, RALPH, S. G. A series of articles on Malay tin fields. 



Mg. World, Vol. 25, 1906, Chicago. Illustrated. 



1. Industrial position of Malay tin fields. Sept. 1, 1906, pp. 234-235. 



2. Geology of Malay tin fields. Sept. 8, 1906, pp. 262-263. 



3. Malay tin fields. Oct. 6, 1906, pp. 424-425. 



4. Geology and treatment of tin in the Malay fields. Nov. 10, 1906, pp. 572-573. 



730. . Mines and minerals of the British Empire. Being a descrip- 

 tion of the historical, physical and industrial features of the principal 

 centers of mineral production in the British Dominions beyond the 



1908, London, pp. 65-75 and others, with a number of plates. 



The Malay States tin fields are treated in chapters 6 and 7. A review of the world's 

 sources of tin supply is given, after which he discusses the labor available, the pro- 

 duction of tin in the different states; taxation and other heavy charges of the 

 government; the geology, and the different classes of deposits, both in place and 

 alluvial. Chapter 7 is devoted to methods of mining and a description of the 

 alluvial mines. 



A chapter is devoted to the Mt. Bischoff tin mine, Tasmania, and another to the 

 northeastern tin fields of that Province. The tin deposits of New South Wales, 

 Transvaal, Cape Colony and Northern Nigeria receive passing mention. 



