The Care of Growing Crops 209 



If the garden slopes somewhat, shallow trenches 

 may be made between the rows of plants with a hoe, and 

 then water may be allowed to run along these trenches 

 as needed. In arid regions this method of irrigation is 

 in very general use. 



Whatever method of irrigation is employed, it is 

 best to soak the garden thoroughly at intervals of several 

 days rather than to water slightly at rather frequent 

 intervals. As soon after irrigation as the soil is suffi- 

 ciently dry, go over the garden with a rake, making a 

 fine surface mulch. 



In watering crops with hose or sprinkling can, avoid 

 applying heavy and continued streams that wash the soil 

 away from roots, exposing them to the air. Soil may be 

 packed and puddled also by careless watering. Leafy 

 crops like lettuce often decay and rot if the head is rilled 

 with water. 



Questions 



In what three ways does surface cultivation benefit growing 

 crops? What is a dust mulch? How does it prevent loss of 

 water from the soil ? Why is it necessary to cultivate soon after 

 each rain ? How should young crops be cultivated ? Name the 

 best tools for cultivating a small garden. 



Why is it best to pull weeds when they are small ? When is the 

 best time to do weeding? Why is this the best time? Why do 

 crops need thinning ? How is it best done ? Why should vacant 

 places in the rows be replanted ? When is the watering of gardens 

 necessary? Describe the proper methods of supplying water. 



Things to Do and Observe 



i. To show that a dust mulch retains water. Procure two deep 

 water-tight tin cans of the same size. Fill both with clay soil, 

 and water each thoroughly. Let stand until the soil can be worked. 



