Gardening for Amateurs 



883 



are the Tree of Heaven (Ailantus glan- 

 dulosa), A- vilmoriniana, Paulowiiia ira- 

 perialis, Rhus typhina and the variety 

 laciniata, R. glabra and the variety laciniata, 



and R. semialata. These give good result 

 when grown on the single stem systems 

 and cut to the ground-line each spring. They 

 require rich soil and plenty of feeding. 



Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Fruits 



THE numerous Crab Apples are all 

 showy during autumn. Especially 

 effective are Pyrus prunifolia var. 

 cerasifera, P. Ringo, and the various 

 Crabs of which John Downie, Transcendent 

 and Dartmouth are good examples. The 

 Siberian Crab, Pyrus baccata, is also very 

 showy when in fruit. The White Beam 

 Tree, Pyrus aria, is another decorative 

 kind ; it has numerous varieties, all of 

 which are showy ; the fruits are orange- 

 scarlet when ripe. Pyrus rotundifolia 

 belongs to the same group and also has 

 showy fruits. The scarlet- and yellow- 

 fruited forms of the Mountain Ash P. 

 Aucuparia are also handsome, as also is 

 the American Mountain Ash, P. americana. 

 The Thorns or Crataegus form another 

 attractive set of ornamental fruiting trees. 

 Conspicuous kinds are C. mollis, coccinea, 

 punctata, orientalis, Crus-galli and cordata. 

 Their close allies, the Pyracanthas, are also 

 very attractive. They are referred to in 

 the chapter upon " Evergreens." 



Cotoneaster is one of the most important 

 families of shrubs bearing ornamental fruits. 

 Probably the most conspicuous is C. frigida, 

 a large bush which bears heads of scarlet 



fruits 6 inches across. C. rotundifolia, a 

 bush 4 feet or so high, is very showy, for it 

 retains its rich red fruits throughout winter. 

 C. Simonsii is an upright bush, 8 to 15 feet 

 high, which bears yellow and scarlet fruits ; 

 C. buxifolia is an evergreen with red fruits, 

 as also are C. thymifolia and C. microphylla. 

 Then there are other kinds, such as horizon- 

 talis, Franchetii, bacillaris, pannosa, bullata, 

 applanata, etc., all of which are well worth 

 growing. The Cotoneasters thrive in ordinary 

 garden soil and give little trouble. The 

 various species of Rosa are all attractive when 

 in fruit, particularly such as R. rugosa, 

 rubiginosa, canina varieties, alpina, cali- 

 fornica and Soulieana. 



Pernettya mucronata has already been 

 referred to in the chapter on " Evergreens." 

 It is a charming plant when covered with 

 fruit. The common Barberry, Berberis vul- 

 garis, bears attractive scarlet fruits quite 

 freely, whilst the same may be said of 

 Viburnum Opulus. Euonymus europaeus is 

 another showv object, as also are E. latifolius 

 and Celastrus articulatus. There are other 

 trees and shrubs with decorative fruits, but 

 those mentioned include some of the most 

 important. 





Trenching. This consists of turning the 

 soil, to a depth of from 2 to 3 feet, upside 

 down. That is to say, the top spit is buried, 

 being replaced by the subsoil, and as this 

 latter is usually very poor, and sometimes 

 not a little difficult to work, it is seldom 

 that satisfactory results are obtained at 

 once from the practice, unless almost un- 

 limited time and labour can be devoted to 

 improving the hitherto unworked soil. Deep 

 cultivation, however, is a matter the im- 

 portance of which is generally acknow- 

 ledged, and those having a limited time 



for gardening should adopt the plan of 

 bastard-trenching. 



Bastard Trenching. To carry out this, 

 first mark out a 2 feet width at one end of 

 the plot, dig out the top spit, and wheel it 

 to the opposite end, where the work will 

 finish. Xext break up the lower spit 

 thoroughly, and add decayed leaves or 

 garden rubbish, wood-ashes, etc. Mark off 

 another width, and throw the top spit upon 

 the second. If treated thus, in a few years 

 there will be quite 2 feet depth of good soil, 

 which may then be trenched properly. 



