GOOD TREES AND SHRUBS 229 



C. Simonsii, also free in growth, is another conspicuous autumn shrub. 

 Its berries are bright red and borne in great profusion ; a most useful 

 kind for town and country gardens. C. horizontalis is a very pretty shrub 

 in autumn. It bears a quantity of bright berries, and the foliage dies off 

 with resplendent hues. It is of low-spreading habit, and delights in a 

 sunny spot to bring out its leaf colours. Several new species have been 

 introduced from China during the last twenty years. Of these C. bullata, 

 a strong-growing shrub with rather loose branches, bears large, dark 

 green leaves and is very showy in autumn by reason of large axillary 

 clusters of bright red berries. C. applanata is another very beautiful 

 shrub ; its fruits are bright red also, and are borne in profusion. C. 

 pannosa grows at least eight feet high and bears scarlet berries lightly 

 covered with white down. C. Franchetii is likewise a vigorous-growing 

 species somewhat like the last named. Both are from Yunnan. C. 

 angustifolia resembles the common Pyracantha in many respects but 

 bears orange -coloured fruits. 



CrataegTLS (Thorn}, A lovely group of free-growing small trees, 

 well adapted for the small garden. They vary considerably in habit of 

 growth, as well as in the colour and size of flower, and are essentially 

 spring-flowering. Few trees of similar growth are more effective at that 

 period of the year. Many of them, too, bear a profusion of brilliant 

 fruits in autumn and winter. C. Crus-galli (Cockspur Thorn), from 

 North America, has long stiff spines, with which the branches are beset. 

 Its large flowers are white, and succeeded by numerous clusters of crimson 

 fruits, which are sometimes retained upon the leafless branches until 

 spring. The brilliant tinted foliage also hangs upon the trees for a long 

 time. The varieties prunifolia and ovalifolia are also showy autumn 

 trees. C. Azarolus makes an admirable specimen for the lawn, being of 

 graceful habit and flowering after many of the thorns have lost their 

 blossom beauty. Its large yellow fruits are showy and borne with great 

 freedom. C. pinnatifida begins growth early in spring, and in autumn 

 its deeply cut leaves are heavily suffused with orange-yellow. Its fruits 

 are large and handsome. C. coccinea, the North-American scarlet-fruited 

 Thorn, grows freely in moist soil, forming a well-balanced head, and when 

 laden with its white flower-clusters in April and May it is strikingly beauti- 

 ful. It seldom grows more than twenty-five feet in height, and its rich 

 green leaves change in autumn to brilliant crimson, at which time its 

 showy fruits appear in profusion. C. macrantha is another very fine 

 autumnal tinted tree. C. heterophylla, known also as C. multiflora, is 

 of excellent growth, very free, and bears crimson fruit. C. tanaceti- 

 folia (Tansy-leaved Thorn) is very beautiful, having much cut grey 

 leaves and sweet-scented flowers and yellow fruits. It blooms quite 

 late. C. Carrierei is free in growth and very ornamental. Its large 

 orange-red fruits are showy and hang upon the tree generally until spring. 

 C. Douglasii is vigorous, flowers early, and has dark fruits. The Wash- 

 ington Thorn (C. cordata) is a conspicuous autumn tree with great corymbs 

 of white flowers late in spring and showy fruit in autumn. Amongst the 

 numerous varieties of the Common Thorn the following are especially 



