CULTIVATION OF FRUIT 479 



production of stronger canes the following year than would be the case 

 if the primary shoot were left unpruned. Offsets from the root-stock 

 may also be used for propagating. These must be carefully removed 

 from the established plants so as to disturb them as little as possible. 

 Root suckers are often produced at some distance away from the 

 parent plant, and so can be detached without fear of injuring the 

 latter. 



Autumn -Fruiting Raspberries. Raspberry bushes may also be had 

 in fruit in the autumn. The plants, however, require different treat- 

 ment to the summer-fruiting kinds. The fruit is borne upon the 

 current year's growth and not upon canes made during the previous 

 year. The proper way is to cut down the canes in the month of 

 February to within a few inches of the ground, and shoots will then 

 push from them vigorously. These must have a liberal amount of 

 sun and air so as to become well developed before the end of summer. 

 The canes should therefore not be quite so close together as the 

 summer-fruiting ones. Water liberally if the weather is dry, and 

 also give manure water to assist fruit development. The following 

 varieties are suitable for autumn fruiting : Belle de Fontenay, large, 

 red ; Noire d'Automne, large, very dark ; October Red, bright red ; 

 October Yellow, medium sized, yellow. 



Summer-Fruiting Raspberries. Superlative, large, red, produc- 

 ing heavy crops of fruit ; Hornet, a fine large red variety ; Baum- 

 forth's Seedling, an excellent variety, red. 



FRUIT TREES AS GARDEN ORNAMENTS 



The best use of many fruit-bearing trees is not restricted 

 to the kitchen garden only, for many of them are beautiful 

 things in the most dressed ground. Few small trees are more 

 graceful in growth than the old English Quince that bears 

 the smooth roundish fruits. It is not only a pleasant object 

 in leaf and flower in early summer and in autumn glory of 

 golden fruit, but even when bare of leaves in winter, a fully 

 matured tree is strikingly beautiful ; and in boggy ground, 

 where no other fruit tree would thrive, it is just at its happiest, 

 and is most fruitful. Then many Apples are extremely orna- 

 mental ; and there is a whole range of Crabs Siberian, 

 Chinese, John Downie, Dartmouth, and other home-raised 

 hybrids that are delightful things both in flower and fruit. 

 Pyrus Malus y vieing in beauty of bloom with its near relatives 

 the Japanese Quinces, is particularly beautiful, especially 

 during the autumn months. 



There are no better garden ornaments for foliage than 

 Figs and Vines, and though the needful pruning of a Vine 



