52 GARDENING FOR PLEASURE. 



object is precisely the same to propagate a particular 

 plant upon a rooted plant of another kind. Among 

 fruits we do this because we cannot multiply choice vari- 

 eties by seed or by cuttings ; stocks are raised from seed, 

 which if allowed to grow and bear, might produce a poor 

 and worthless fruit, o: it may be a good kind. To make 

 matters sure, we graft a twig of a kind that we know 

 upon a seedling about which we know nothing. With 

 Camellias, the choice kinds cannot well be propagated from 

 cuttings, but some of the commoner kinds will grow in 

 this way, and the choice Camellias are grafted upon stocks 

 obtained by rooting cuttings of the others ; so in various 

 cases among fruits and flowers, budding or grafting af- 

 fords the readiest, if not the only method, by which we 

 can multiply certain varieties. A graft is a twig contain- 

 ing one or more buds, and so inserted or planted in the 

 stock that the new bark and new wood of the two shall 

 be in close contact ; in budding, a single bud with no 

 wood, or as little wood as possible, is inserted or planted 

 below the bark of the stock and in direct contact with its 

 new or sap-wood. While we give the two operations dif- 

 ferent names, the French call budding simply a variety of 

 grafting shield-grafting. In a general way it may be stated 

 that in grafting we use buds of a previous year, and in- 

 sert them upon the stock where they are to grow the 

 spring after they are formed, and as soon as vegetation 

 starts, these buds commence to grow. In budding we 

 use buds of the current season's growth ; the recently 

 formed buds, near the end of the growing season, are 

 planted in the stock where they unite, and remain dor- 

 mant until spring, when the inserted bud pushes into 

 growth at the time that the natural buds of the stock 

 start. These statements apply only to out-door grafting 

 and budding ; when these operations are performed under 

 glass, the propagator has control of atmospheric condi- 

 tions, and varies them to suit the subjects in hand. In 



