IMPLEMENTS. 351 



planting. This destroys the germs of the weeds. In 

 from five to ten days, according to the state of the 

 weather, the ground is again gone over with the rakes. 

 I am no believer in deep hoeing on newly planted or 

 sown crops ; it is only when plants begin to grow that 

 deep hoeing is beneficial. 



For using between narrow rows of crops just starting 

 from the ground, the Push or Scuffle Hoe (figure 126), 

 is a most effective tool. We use them from six to twelve 

 inches wide. They require to be always about three in- 

 ches narrower than the rows ; thus, in rows nine inches 

 apart, we use the six-inch hoe. Another indispensable 

 implement is the Eoller (figure 127). It is of great im- 

 portance, not only in breaking lumpy soil, but in firm- 



Fig. 127. GARDEN ROLLER. 



mg it properly around newly sown seeds ; besides, the 

 ground leveled by the roller is much easier hoed than if 

 the surface were uneven or irregular. The roller we 

 use is made of hard wood, and is five or six feet long 

 and nine inches in diameter. The roller is bored through 

 its whole length, and through this hole is put a bar of 

 two-inch round iron. This bar gives the necessary 

 weight, and its projecting ends afford points to which to 

 attach the handle. 



The Double Marker (home-made), figure 128, is used 

 to mark six or eight lines at once, as may be required, 

 the spaces between the teeth being twelve inches on one 

 side, and nine inches on the other. Where rows are re- 



