134 GAEDEXIXG FOE THE SOUTH. 



wall or trellis, bending the branches backwards and for- 

 wards so as to form numerous deposits of returning sap, 

 and ensure the full exposure of the fruit-bearing branches 

 to the sun and air. The long shoots are shortened or 

 pinched to make them throw out side branches, with which 

 the trellis is covered, without permitting them to cross 

 each other. Training flowering plants is necessary that 

 they may appear in elegant and symmetrical form. It 

 should be regulated by a knowledge of their habits of 

 growth,and consists principally in checking over-luxuriance 

 of growth and tying them to stakes or frames. Direc- 

 tions for training the grape, etc., will be given hereafter. 



CHAPTER XII. 



TRANSPLANTING. 



In the operation of transplanting, the main points to be 

 regarded are the proper preparation of the soil for receiv- 

 ing the plant ; care in taking it up so as to avoid injury 

 to the small, fibrous roots ; setting it firmly so that its 

 roots may take a secure hold of the soil ; planting with as 

 little delay as possible ; and, lastly, maintaining the bal- 

 ance as far as practicable between the top of the plant and 

 its roots, so that the former may not lose more by evap- 

 oration than the roots absorb, until again established. 



Preparation Of the Soil, Plants, when removed, need 

 a freshly dug soil which affords a moist situation in which 

 the delicate fibers may be emitted, and therein quickly 

 establish themselves. If also well drained and trenched, 

 the effect upon present and subsequent growth is very de- 

 cided : a tree or vine thriving much better in such a situa- 



